Table 2.
Coats disease by decade in 351 eyes of 351 patients. Clinical characteristics
| Clinical features | 1973-1979 n=18 eyes in 18 patients (%) | 1980-1989 n=43 eyes in 43 patients (%) | 1990-1999 n=66 eyes in 66 patients (%) | 2000-2009 n=112 eyes in 112 patients (%) | 2010-2018 n=112 eyes in 112 patients (%) | P | Total n=351 eyes in 351 patients (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Visual acuity | |||||||
| Verbal visual acuity | |||||||
| ≥20/40 | 1 (6) | 1 (2) | 6 (9) | 18 (16) | 26 (23) | 52 (15) | |
| 20/50-20/200 | 6 (33) | 11 (26) | 13 (20) | 21 (19) | 20 (18) | 0.10 | 71 (20) |
| <20/200 | 5 (28) | 15 (35) | 20 (30) | 36 (32) | 42 (38) | 118 (34) | |
| Preverbal visual acuity | |||||||
| Fix and follow | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (8) | 9 (8) | 5 (5) | 19 (5) | |
| Poor fix and follow | 3 (17) | 1 (2) | 2 (3) | 2 (2) | 8 (7) | 0.01 | 16 (5) |
| No fix and follow | 3 (17) | 14 (33) | 17 (26) | 25 (22) | 11 (10) | 70 (20) | |
| Uncooperative | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 3 (5) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 5 (1) | |
| Intraocular pressure Mean (median, range) | 16 (15, 7-48) | 21 (15, 7-60) | 16 (15, 6-26) | 16 (15, 10-36) | 16 (15, 6-40) | 0.001 | 16 (15, 6-60) |
| Coats disease stage (complete) | |||||||
| 1 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 3 (3) | 5 (1) | |
| 2a | 2 (11) | 1 (2) | 8 (12) | 6 (5) | 14 (13) | 31 (9) | |
| 2b | 4 (22) | 6 (14) | 10 (15) | 14 (13) | 8 (7) | 42 (12) | |
| 3a1 | 2 (11) | 3 (7) | 10 (15) | 18 (16) | 13 (12) | 0.09 | 46 (13) |
| 3a2 | 3 (17) | 8 (19) | 10 (15) | 25 (22) | 22 (20) | 68 (19) | |
| 3b | 6 (33) | 18 (42) | 24 (36) | 40 (36) | 37 (33) | 125 (36) | |
| 4 | 1 (6) | 7 (16) | 3 (5) | 5 (4) | 4 (4) | 20 (6) | |
| 5 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 3 (1) | |
| Unknown* | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 1 (1) | 9 (8) | 11 (3) | |
| Coats disease simplified stage | |||||||
| 1 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 3 (3) | 0.53 | 5 (1) |
| 2 | 6 (33) | 7 (16) | 18 (27) | 20 (18) | 22 (20) | 0.33 | 73 (21) |
| 3 | 11 (61) | 29 (67) | 44 (67) | 83 (74) | 72 (64) | 0.54 | 239 (68) |
| 4 | 1 (6) | 7 (16) | 3 (4) | 5 (4) | 4 (4) | 0.03 | 20 (6) |
| 5 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 0.69 | 3 (1) |
| Telangiectasia | |||||||
| Telangiectasia clock hours Mean (median, range) | 5 (4, 2-12) | 6 (5, 0-12) | 5 (3, 0-12) | 6 (5, 0-12) | 5 (5, 0-12) | 0.28 | 5 (5, 0-12) |
| Telangiectasia quadrants | |||||||
| 0 | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 3 (5) | 3 (3) | 9 (8) | 16 (5) | |
| 1 | 6 (33) | 15 (35) | 28 (42) | 30 (27) | 28 (25) | 107 (30) | |
| 2 | 8 (44) | 11 (26) | 13 (20) | 28 (25) | 37 (33) | 0.13 | 97 (28) |
| 3 | 1 (6) | 7 (2) | 14 (21) | 27 (18) | 14 (13) | 63 (18) | |
| 4 | 2 (11) | 8 (19) | 8 (12) | 20 (18) | 17 (15) | 55 (16) | |
| No view** | 1 (6) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 4 (4) | 7 (6) | 13 (4) | |
| Location of most telangiectasia | |||||||
| Equator to ora serrata | 14 (78) | 28 (65) | 36 (55) | 81 (72) | 68 (61) | 227 (65) | |
| Macula to equator | 3 (17) | 12 (28) | 26 (39) | 24 (21) | 28 (25) | 93 (26) | |
| Macula | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.11 | 2 (1) |
| None | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 3 (5) | 3 (3) | 9 (8) | 16 (5) | |
| No view** | 1 (6) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 4 (4) | 7 (6) | 13 (4) | |
| Light bulb aneurysms | |||||||
| Light bulb clock hours Mean (median, range) | 4 (3, 2-12) | 5 (3, 0-12) | 4 (3, 0-12) | 5 (4, 0-12) | 4 (4, 0-12) | 0.24 | 5 (4, 0-12) |
| Light bulb quadrants | |||||||
| 0 | 0 (0) | 5 (12) | 11 (17) | 10 (9) | 14 (13) | 40 (11) | |
| 1 | 8 (44) | 17 (2) | 26 (29) | 30 (27) | 31 (28) | 112 (32) | |
| 2 | 8 (4) | 9 (21) | 12 (18) | 31 (28) | 40 (36) | 0.05 | 100 (28) |
| 3 | 0 (0) | 4 (9) | 11 (17) | 19 (17) | 8 (7) | 42 (12) | |
| 4 | 1 (6) | 7 (16) | 6 (9) | 18 (16) | 12 (11) | 44 (13) | |
| No view** | 1 (6) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 4 (4) | 7 (6) | 13 (4) | |
| Location of most light bulbs | |||||||
| Equator to ora serrata | 14 (78) | 26 (60) | 34 (52) | 73 (65) | 69 (62) | 216 (62) | |
| Macula to equator | 3 (17) | 11 (26) | 20 (30) | 24 (21) | 22 (20) | 80 (23) | |
| Macula | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.52 | 2 (1) |
| None | 0 (0) | 5 (12) | 11 (17) | 10 (9) | 14 (13) | 40 (11) | |
| No view** | 1 (6) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 4 (4) | 7 (6) | 13 (4) | |
| Exudation | |||||||
| Exudation clock hours Mean (median, range) | 7 (6, 2-12) | 9 (12, 0-12) | 8 (9, 0-12) | 7 (7, 0-12) | 6 (6, 0-12) | 0.01 | 7 (7, 0-12) |
| Exudation quadrants | |||||||
| 0 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 4 (4) | 7 (6) | 12 (3) | |
| 1 | 3 (17) | 5 (12) | 11 (17) | 13 (12) | 23 (21) | 55 (16) | |
| 2 | 6 (33) | 11 (26) | 13 (20) | 32 (29) | 34 (30) | 0.01 | 96 (27) |
| 3 | 5 (28) | 1 (2) | 12 (18) | 23 (21) | 11 (10) | 52 (15) | |
| 4 | 4 (22) | 25 (58) | 29 (44) | 37 (33) | 30 (27) | 125 (36) | |
| No view** | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 3 (3) | 7 (6) | 11 (3) | |
| Location of most exudation | |||||||
| Equator to ora serrata | 0 (0) | 3 (7) | 10 (15) | 12 (11) | 14 (13) | 39 (11) | |
| Macula to equator | 11 (61) | 24 (56) | 35 (53) | 52 (46) | 39 (35) | 161 (46) | |
| Macula | 7 (39) | 15 (35) | 20 (30) | 41 (37) | 45 (40) | 0.20 | 128 (36) |
| None | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 4 (4) | 7 (6) | 12 (3) | |
| No view** | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 3 (3) | 7 (6) | 11 (3) | |
| Subretinal fluid | |||||||
| Subretinal fluid clock hours Mean (median, range) | 6 (5, 0-12) | 8 (12, 0-12) | 7 (7, 0-12) | 7 (7, 0-12) | 6 (5, 0-12) | 0.11 | 7 (6, 0-12) |
| Subretinal fluid quadrants | |||||||
| 0 | 4 (22) | 3 (7) | 8 (12) | 12 (11) | 26 (23) | 53 (15) | |
| 1 | 3 (17) | 9 (21) | 13 (29) | 24 (21) | 14 (13) | 63 (18) | |
| 2 | 3 (17) | 6 (14) | 9 (14) | 16 (14) | 22 (20) | 0.02 | 56 (16) |
| 3 | 1 (6) | 0 (0) | 8 (12) | 15 (13) | 4 (4) | 28 (8) | |
| 4 | 7 (29) | 24 (56) | 28 (42) | 43 (38) | 39 (35) | 141 (40) | |
| No view** | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 7 (6) | 10 (3) | |
| Location of most subretinal fluid | |||||||
| Equator to ora serrata | 3 (17) | 3 (7) | 8 (12) | 15 (13) | 18 (16) | 47 (13) | |
| Macula to equator | 5 (28) | 7 (16) | 20 (30) | 44 (39) | 31 (28) | 107 (30) | |
| Macula | 0 (0) | 5 (12) | 5 (8) | 2 (2) | 3 (3) | 0.002 | 15 (4) |
| Total retinal detachment | 6 (33) | 24 (56) | 25 (8) | 37 (33) | 27 (24) | 119 (34) | |
| None | 4 (22) | 3 (7) | 8 (12) | 12 (11) | 26 (23) | 53 (15) | |
| No view** | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 7 (6) | 10 (3) | |
| Most posterior extent of disease | |||||||
| Ora serrata | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 3 (3) | 2 (2) | 6 (2) | |
| Equator | 1 (6) | 1 (2) | 3 (5) | 10 (9) | 24 (21) | 39 (11) | |
| Arcade | 2 (11) | 4 (9) | 17 (26) | 24 (21) | 19 (17) | <0.001 | 66 (19) |
| Macula | 1 (6) | 6 (14) | 7 (11) | 27 (24) | 27 (24) | 68 (19) | |
| Fovea | 8 (33) | 8 (19) | 12 (18) | 15 (13) | 9 (8) | 52 (15) | |
| Total retinal detachment | 6 (33) | 23 (53) | 26 (39) | 30 (27) | 24 (21) | 109 (31) | |
| No view** | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 3 (3) | 7 (7) | 11 (3) | |
| Posterior segment findings, other | |||||||
| Vitreoretinal traction | 0 (0) | 3 (7) | 6 (9) | 9 (8) | 10 (9) | 0.74 | 28 (8) |
| Neovascularization of the disc | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 0.45 | 2 (1) |
| Neovascularization of the retina | 1 (6) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 3 (3) | 0.41 | 6 (2) |
| Retinal hemorrhage | 2 (11) | 6 (14) | 12 (18) | 15 (13) | 10 (9) | 0.59 | 45 (13) |
| Vitritis | 1 (6) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 0.41 | 5 (1) |
| Anterior segment findings | |||||||
| Xanthocoria | 5 (28) | 15 (35) | 18 (27) | 45 (40) | 49 (44) | 0.20 | 132 (38) |
| Strabismus | 5 (28) | 20 (47) | 17 (26) | 38 (34) | 31 (27) | 0.16 | 111 (31) |
| Corneal edema | 1 (6) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 0.19 | 4 (1) |
| Anterior chamber cholesterolosis | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.36 | 1 (0.2) |
| Iris neovascularization | 1 (6) | 6 (14) | 5 (8) | 7 (6) | 5 (4) | 0.33 | 24 (7) |
| Iris atrophy | 1 (6) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 0.34 | 4 (1) |
| Cataract | 1 (6) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 7 (6) | 7 (6) | 0.53 | 17 (5) |
| Pthisis | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 0.71 | 1 (0.2) |
Bold values indicate significant P, *Staging unknown for 11 eyes secondary to resolved disease at presentation (n=6) and media opacities (n=5), **No view secondary to media opacities (cataract, total serous retinal detachment), Intraocular pressure: Post-hoc analysis (Bonferroni test) showed significant differences between groups 2 and 3 (P=0.003), and 2 and 4 (P=0.001), and 2 and 5 (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the means of the other groups (P>0.05). Exudation clock-hours: Post-hoc analysis (Bonferroni test), showed a significant difference between groups 2 and 5 (P=0.01). There was no significant difference between the means of the other groups (P>0.05)