Table 3.
Intra-arterial chemotherapy- Worldwide Review Over Two Decades from 1998-2019
| Authors (year, country) | Years of study | No. of eyes | Total no. of catheterizations (% success rate) | No. of sessions median (range) | Drugs | Indication (no.of eyes) | Eye salvage in % | Overall eye salvage in % | Metastasis n (%) | Death n (%) | Complications | Median follow up in months |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suzukiet al.12 (2011, Japan) | 1998-2007 | 408 | 1469 (98.8) | 3 (1-18) | M | Secondary | 60* | 60 | 8 (2) | 12 (3) | Periorbital swelling Severe orbital cellulitis Diffuse chorioretinal atrophy Bradycardia Bronchospasm |
74 |
| Gobinet al.23 (2011, USA) | 2006-2010 | 95 | 259 (98.5) | 3 (1-7) | M, T, C | Primary (39) Secondary (56) | 82 58 |
70 | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | Periocular edema Hyperemia Avascular retinopathy Cataract Eyelash loss |
13 |
| Petersonet al.42 (2011, USA) | 2008-2009 | 17 | 26 (100) | 1.4 (1-2) | M | Secondary (17) | 76.5 | 76.5 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Delayed vitreous hemorrhage | 8.6 (mean) |
| Munieret al.43 (2011, Switzerland) | 2009-2013 | 13 | 31 (96.8) | 3 (1-3) | M | Primary (9) Secondary (4) | 100 100 |
100 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Choroidal vasculopathy Retinal detachment Retinal arteriolar emboli Vitreous hemorrhage |
7 (mean) |
| Muenet al.45 (2012, UK) | 2008-2010 | 15 | NA | 2 (1-3) | M | Secondary (15) | 80 | 80 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Orbital edema Forehead hyperemia Retinal detachment 3rd cranial nerve palsy RPE loss Epistaxis Anaphylactoid reaction |
7 |
| Thampiet al.46 (2013, USA) | 2010-2012 | 20 | 40 (100) | 2.5 (1-5)* | M | Primary (12) Secondary (8) | 66.5 87.5 |
70 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Eyelid edema/erythema Dacryohemorrhea Vitreous hemorrhage Cataract Choroid atrophy OA spasm Neutropenia Bronchospasm |
15* |
| Venturiet al.44 (2013, Italy) | 2008-2010 | 39 | 146 (96) | NA (1-9) | M | Primary (17) Secondary (24) | 41 96 |
79 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Eyelid edema, hyperemia Ptosis Retinopathy Strabismus Lash loss Frontal alopecia Choroidal atrophy Systemic toxicity |
1-27 |
| Shieldset al.25 (2014, USA) | 2009-2013 | 70 | 198 (99.5) | 3 (1-7) | M, T, C | Primary (36) Secondary (34) | 72 62 |
67 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Eyelid edema Blepheroptosis Forehead hyperemia Scalp alopecia BRVO Partial choroidal vascular occlusion Optic neuropathy Vitreous hemorrhage Phthisis bulbi OA spasm OA occlusion |
19 |
| Taichet al.47 (2014, Argentina) | 2011-2013 | 27 | 66 (NA) | NA | M, T | Primary (5) Secondary (22) | 100 59 |
77.8 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3rd cranial N. palsy Hematological toxicity |
11.7 |
| Pararedaet al.48 (2014, Spain) | 2008-2012 | 12 | 33 (94) | 2.5 (1-5) | M | Primary (12) | 58 | 58 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Diffuse arteriolar sclerosis RPE hypertrophy Partial retinal atrophy OA spasm |
29.5 |
| Ghassemiet al.49 (2014, Iran) | 2009-2012 | 24 | NA | 1-2 | M, T, C | Primary (6) Secondary (18) | 84 56 |
62.5 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Eyelid edema Vitreous hemorrhage Choroidal ischemia CRAO Retinal hemorrhage Retinal detachment NVG Ptosis Retinal fibrosis Cyclitic membrane Phthisis |
16.8 |
| Onget al.50 (2015, Taiwan) | 2010-2013 | 17 | 49 (91) | 2.8 (1-6) | Primary (6) Secondary (11) | 66.5 54.5 |
59 | 3 (17.5) | 2 (1) | Lid edema Retinal artery occlusion Chorioretinal atrophy Vitreous hemorrhage 3rd nerve palsy 6th nerve palsy |
22 | |
| Akyuzet al.51 (2015, Turkey) | 2011-2014 | 56 | NA | 2.3 (mean) 1-7 | M | Primary (44) Secondary (12) | 75 64 |
66 | 2 (3.5) | 2 (3.5) | Transient eyelid swelling Conjunctival chemosis Ptosis Forehead hyperemia Ocular motility limitation Mild proptosis RPE alteration Optic atrophy |
|
| Abramsonet al.24 (2016, USA) | 2008-2015 | 120 | 418 (NA) | 3.4 (mean) (1-11) | M, T, C, Mtx | Primary (60) Secondary (60) | NA NA |
97 | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) | Neutropenia | 36 |
| Tunceret al.52 (2016, Turkey) | 2011-2015 | 24 | 76 (97.3) | 3 (2-5) | M, T, C | Primary (Group D) | 67 | 67 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Eyelid edema Ptosis Forehead hyperemia Chorioretinal atrophy Retinal detachment Vitreous hemorrhage |
29 |
| Michaelset al.53 (2016, USA) | 2008-2013 | 19 | 87 (100) | 5 (mean) (2-10) | M, T, C | NA | NA | 58 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Localized erythema Eyelid edema Eyelash/brow loss Forehead skin hyperpigmentation Conjunctival chemosis Neutropenia Bronchospasm Carboplatin anaphylaxis |
13 |
| Leal- Lealet al.54 (2016, Mexico) | NA | 11 | NA | 3 (all eyes) | M, T | Secondary | 55 | 55 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Stroke Nausea, vomitting |
57 (mean) |
| Reddy MAet al.55 (2017, UK) | 2013-2015 | 9 | 27 (NA) | 3 (2-4) | M, T | Secondary | 66 | 66 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Autonomic episode Ptosis Temporary 6th nerve palsy Choroidal ischemia |
21 |
| Chenet al.56 (2017, China) | 2011-2013 | 107 | 343 (98.5) | 3.1 (2-5) | M, T | Primary (30) Secondary (77) | 93 79 |
78.5 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Eyelid edema Conjunctival congestion Retinal hemorrhage Vitreous hemorrhage Retinal vasculopathy OA spasm Transient myelosupression |
13.6 (mean) |
| Rishiet al.56 (2017, India) | 2013-2016 | 10 | 38 (NA) | 4 (3-5) | M, T | Primary (2) Secondary (8) | 100 75 |
80 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Forehead pigmentation OA spasm BRVO Cataract Optic atrophy |
28 |
| Ammanuelet al.58 (2018, USA) | 2010-2017 | 43 | 125 (100) | 2.8 | M, T, C | NA | NA | 35 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Stroke Systemic toxicity |
31.8 |
| Hua Jet al.59 (2018, China) | 2013-2015 | 84 | 200 (94.5) | 2.8 (mean) | M, T | Secondary | 30 | 30 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Eyelid edema Vitreous hemorrhage Retinal vasculopathy OA spasm Transient vomiting Transient myelosupression |
14.2 (mean) |
| Radroset al.60 (2018, Sweden) | 2012-2015 | 11 | 39 (77) | NA | M | NA | 73 | 73 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Cerebrovascular emboli Renal effects Groin hematoma Eyelid/periocular edema Heterophoria Exophthalmos Ptosis Periorbital erythema OA spasm Transient visual impairment Papilledema Retinal detachment |
NA |
| Rojanapornet al.61 (2019, Thailand) | 2009-2017 | 27 | 80 (94) | 3 (1-7) | M, T, C | Primary (7) Secondary (20) | 57 50 |
52 | 1 (3.7) | 1 (3.7) | TIA Occlusive vasculopathy Vitreous hemorrhage Retinal artery precipitation Strabismus |
32 (mean) |
*Calculated from the statistics available in the publication. M= melphalan; T= topotecan; C= carboplatin; Mtx= methotrexate; NA=not available; OA= ophthalmic artery; RPE= retinal pigment epithelium; CRAO= central retinal artery occlusion; NVG= neovascular glaucoma; BRVO= branch retinal vein occlusion; TIA= transient ischemic attack