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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Stat Assoc. 2018 Aug 15;114(525):48–60. doi: 10.1080/01621459.2018.1434529

Figure 1:

Figure 1:

Illustration of the model. Y1,…, Yn denote patient-specific clinical outcomes for n patients, P1,…, Pp denote proteins and G1,…, Gg denote genes. Double-lined arrows represent the patient-level relationship between clinical outcome and proteins, and single-lined arrows connect genes to their protein products on the population level.