Table 5.
Predictors of IPC Use
| Variables | Adjusted Odd Ratios (95% Cl) | |
|---|---|---|
| CCTs | IMV | |
| Age | ||
| <55y | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| 55–64 y | 1.00 (0.79–1.21) | 1.05 (0.77–1.32) |
| 65–74 y | 0.93 (0.70–1.16) | 1.00 (0.69–1.31) |
| ≥75 y | 0.92 (0.69–1.16) | 1.08 (0.73–1.42) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Female | 0.97 (0.84–1.11) | 0.93 (0.76–1.10) |
| Race | ||
| White | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Hispanic | 1.02 (0.82–1.22) | 0.94 (0.71–1.17) |
| Black | 1.03 (0.77–1.29) | 0.81 (0.56–1.07) |
| Othera | 1.07 (0.85–0.29) | 0.97 (0.71–1.22) |
| Insurance provider | ||
| Medicare | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Medicaid | 0.91 (0.68–1.15) | 1.17 (0.80–0.95) |
| Private | 1.02 (0.81–1.24) | 1.29 (9.05–1.63) |
| No charge/other | 1.80 (0.86–2.74) | 2.32 (0.84–3.80) |
| Self–pay | 0.81 (0.35–1.27) | 1.13 (0.41–1.85) |
| Comorbidity score | ||
| ≤0 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| 1 | 1.25 (1.00–1.50) | 1.18 (0.85–1.50) |
| ≥2 | 1.41 (1.15–1.66) | 1.40 (1.05–1.74) |
| DNR | ||
| No | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Yes | 2.32 (1.92–2.71) | 1.97 (1.54–2.41) |
| Cancer subtype | ||
| Lung | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Not identified | 0.70 (0.55–0.84) | 0.71 (0.53–0.89) |
| Breast | 0.77 (0.51–1.04) | 0.96 (0.59–1.33) |
| Colorectal | 0.45 (0.33–0.56) | 0.51 (0.33–0.68) |
| Genitourinary | 0.55 (0.38–0.71) | 0.67 (0.43–0.91) |
| Other cancer or >2 subtypes | 0.66 (0.53–0.79) | 0.76 (0.57–0.94) |
| Principal diagnosis | ||
| Cancer–related disorders | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Infections | 1.25 (1.03–1.48) | 1.19 (0.93–1.45) |
| Other pulmonary disorders | 1.14 (0.87–1.42) | 1.12 (0.81–1.42) |
| Other cardiovascular and circulation disorders | 0.98 (0.64–1.32) | 0.80 (0.46–1.13) |
| Other neurologic and psychiatric disorders | 0.95 (0.37–1.53) | 0.88 (0.25–1.51) |
| Other gastrointestinal disorders | 0.91 (0.68–1.14) | 0.90 (0.49–1.32) |
| Fluid and electrolyte/renal disorders | 1.02 (0.65–1.39) | 1.70 (0.44–2.97) |
| Others | 0.76 (0.52–1.00) | 0.90 (0.49–1.32) |
| Not a teaching hospital | 1.02 (0.77–1.27) | 1.08 (0.74–1.42) |
| Hospital bed count | ||
| Small (<200) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Medium (200–399) | 1.56 (1.15–1.97) | 1.69 (1.11–2.27) |
| Large (>400) | 1.63 (1.09–2.16) | 1.83 (1.04–2.62) |
Abbreviations: CCTs, critical care therapies; DNR, do not resuscitate; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; IPC, inpatient palliative care.
a
Includes Asian or Pacific Islander, Native American, or other as coded on the California State Inpatient Database.