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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 6.
Published in final edited form as: J Nat Prod. 2017 Dec 7;81(3):506–514. doi: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00734

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. Under normoxic conditions, cytoplasmic Keap1 is complexed to the transcription factor Nrf2. The protein complex is ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome (A). If an oxidant or electrophile such as honaucin A is present, it may interact with cysteine residues on Keap1 leading to Nrf2 stabilization and translocation into the nucleus where it can bind to the antioxidant response element/electrophile response element (ARE/EpRE) initiating the transcription of cytoprotective genes (B).