TABLE. Number of infants receiving breast milk among live infants not transferred to another facility,* by gestational age† and maternal and infant characteristics — 48 states§ and the District of Columbia, National Vital Statistics System, 2017.
| Characteristic |
Receipt of breast milk by gestational age |
Overall |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extremely preterm |
Early preterm |
Late preterm |
Term |
|||||||
|
Total no.¶
|
No. received (%)
|
Total no.¶
|
No. received (%)
|
Total no.¶
|
No. received (%)
|
Total no.¶
|
No. received (%)
|
Total no.¶
|
No. received (%)
|
|
|
Overall
|
13,225 |
9,433(71.3) |
60,385 |
45,883 (76.0) |
225,279 |
174,084 (77.3) |
2,895,984 |
2,451,442 (84.6) |
3,194,873 |
2,680,842 (83.9) |
|
Maternal race/ethnicity**
| ||||||||||
| Hispanic |
2,704 |
1,981 (73.3) |
12,014 |
9,588 (79.8) |
46,371 |
38,551 (83.1) |
597,800 |
528,165 (88.4) |
658,889 |
578,285 (87.8) |
| White |
4,820 |
3,557 (73.8) |
28,131 |
21,913 (77.9) |
114,473 |
89,810 (78.5) |
1,599,178 |
1,371,958 (85.8) |
1,746,602 |
1,487,238 (85.2) |
| Black |
4,620 |
3,102 (67.1) |
15,198 |
10,455 (68.8) |
44,636 |
29,580 (66.3) |
436,677 |
320,136 (73.3) |
501,131 |
363,273 (72.5) |
| Asian |
545 |
415 (76.1) |
2,700 |
2,217 (82.1) |
10,886 |
9,553 (87.8) |
155,841 |
143,134 (91.8) |
169,972 |
155,319 (91.4) |
| American Indian/Alaska Native |
107 |
65 (60.7) |
527 |
360 (68.3) |
2,268 |
1,525 (67.2) |
24,199 |
18,739 (77.4) |
27,101 |
20,689 (76.3) |
| Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander |
20 |
15 (75.0) |
147 |
118 (80.3) |
587 |
444 (75.6) |
6,586 |
5,510 (83.7) |
7,340 |
6,087 (82.9) |
| Multiracial |
322 |
243 (75.5) |
1,257 |
956 (76.1) |
4,864 |
3,759(77.3) |
60,134 |
50,523 (84.0) |
66,577 |
55,481 (83.3) |
|
Maternal age group (yrs)
| ||||||||||
| ≤19 |
902 |
622 (69.0) |
3,227 |
2,334 (72.3) |
11,649 |
8,122 (69.7) |
150,865 |
111,202 (73.7) |
166,643 |
122,280 (73.4) |
| 20–29 |
6,325 |
4,520 (71.5) |
27,406 |
20,653 (75.4) |
105,814 |
79,487 (75.1) |
1,447,576 |
1,192,173 (82.4) |
1,587,121 |
1,296,833 (81.7) |
| 30–39 |
5,421 |
3,882 (71.6) |
26,716 |
20,563 (77.0) |
97,796 |
78,407 (80.2) |
1,214,657 |
1,075,184 (88.5) |
1,344,590 |
1,178,036 (87.6) |
| ≥40 |
577 |
409 (70.9) |
3,036 |
2,333 (76.8) |
10,020 |
8,068 (80.5) |
82,886 |
72,883 (87.9) |
96,519 |
83,693 (86.7) |
|
Maternal highest education level
| ||||||||||
| Less than a high school diploma |
1,929 |
1,250 (64.8) |
8,891 |
5,987 (67.3) |
32,739 |
21,455 (65.5) |
375,711 |
277,369 (73.8) |
419,270 |
306,061 (73.0) |
| High school diploma |
3,936 |
2,716 (69.0) |
16,562 |
11,734 (70.8) |
60,428 |
42,069 (69.6) |
728,084 |
557,575 (76.6) |
809,010 |
614,094 (75.9) |
| Some college |
4,177 |
3,048 (73.0) |
18,037 |
14,114 (78.3) |
66,933 |
53,016 (79.2) |
825,306 |
707,817 (85.8) |
914,453 |
777,995 (85.1) |
| College graduate |
3,035 |
2,338 (77.0) |
16,229 |
13,623 (83.9) |
63,359 |
56,336 (88.9) |
947,414 |
893,004 (94.3) |
1,030,037 |
965,301 (93.7) |
|
Maternal marital status
| ||||||||||
| Married |
6,044 |
4,571 (75.6) |
31,440 |
25,806 (82.1) |
125,837 |
106,251 (84.4) |
1,758,860 |
1,593,226 (90.6) |
1,922,181 |
1,729,854 (90.0) |
| Unmarried |
7,181 |
4,862(67.7) |
28,945 |
20,077 (69.4) |
99,442 |
67,833 (68.2) |
1,137,124 |
858,216 (75.5) |
1,272,692 |
950,988 (74.7) |
|
Payment source at delivery
| ||||||||||
| Medicaid |
6,665 |
4,484 (67.3) |
28,806 |
20,184 (70.1) |
105,068 |
72,518 (69.0) |
1,220,031 |
935,374 (76.7) |
1,360,570 |
1,032,560 (75.9) |
| Private insurance |
5,371 |
4,100 (76.3) |
26,561 |
21,868 (82.3) |
102,270 |
87,359 (85.4) |
1,426,621 |
1,295,629 (90.8) |
1,560,823 |
1,408,956 (90.3) |
| Self-pay |
580 |
385 (66.4) |
2,260 |
1,618 (71.6) |
8,122 |
6,158 (75.8) |
121,236 |
107,838 (88.9) |
132,198 |
115,999 (87.7) |
| Other |
505 |
398 (78.8) |
2,374 |
1,936 (81.6) |
8,445 |
7,037 (83.3) |
111,100 |
98,552 (88.7) |
122,424 |
107,923 (88.2) |
|
WIC participation during pregnancy
| ||||||||||
| Yes |
4,919 |
3,409 (69.3) |
22,841 |
16,644 (72.9) |
88,406 |
62,876 (71.1) |
1,057,343 |
815,648 (77.1) |
1,173,509 |
898,577 (76.6) |
| No |
8,106 |
5,896 (72.7) |
36,716 |
28,681 (78.1) |
134,117 |
109,275 (81.5) |
1,805,233 |
1,608,321 (89.1) |
1,984,172 |
1,752,173 (88.3) |
|
Infant NICU admission
| ||||||||||
| Yes |
12,188 |
8,802 (72.2) |
53,277 |
40,482 (76.0) |
80,465 |
61,245 (76.1) |
120,583 |
94,370 (78.3) |
266,513 |
204,899 (76.9) |
| No | 1,036 | 630 (60.8) | 7,091 | 5,391 (76.0) | 144,675 | 112,742 (77.9) | 2,773,425 | 2,355,451 (84.9) | 2,926,227 | 2,474,214 (84.6) |
Abbreviations: NICU = neonatal intensive care unit; WIC = Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.
* Excludes infants transferred to another facility within 24 hours of delivery and those who died before completion of the birth certificate.
† Extremely preterm: 20–27 weeks’ gestation; early preterm: 28–33 weeks’ gestation; late preterm: 34–36 weeks’ gestation; term: ≥37 weeks’ gestation.
§ Includes all states except California and Michigan.
¶ Denominators might not sum to total because of missing maternal or infant data.
** All racial/ethnic groups are non-Hispanic unless otherwise specified.