TABLE 2. Mean annual out-of-pocket expenditure and prevalence of high out-of-pocket burden* among cancer survivors and persons without a history of cancer, aged 18–64 years (N = 123,771) — Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), United States, 2011–2016.
| Characteristic | Mean out-of-pocket cost† (2016 U.S. dollars) |
High out-of-pocket burden* |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer survivors (n = 4,753) $ (95% CI) | Persons without a history of cancer (n = 119,018) $ (95% CI) | p-value | Cancer survivors (n = 4,753) % (95% CI) | Persons without a history of cancer
(n = 119,018) % (95% CI) |
p-value | |
|
Total
|
1,000 (886–1,113)
|
622 (606–639)
|
<0.001
|
1.9 (1.4–2.5)
|
1.0 (1.0–1.1)
|
<0.001
|
|
Age group at interview (yrs)
| ||||||
| 18–39 |
907 (722–1,093) |
519 (496–542) |
<0.001 |
2.0 (1.1–2.9) |
0.8 (0.6–0.9) |
<0.001 |
| 40–49 |
1,004 (852–1,156) |
586 (557–615) |
1.6 (0.7–2.6) |
0.9 (0.7–1.1) |
||
| 50–64 |
1,119 (975–1,263) |
756 (728–784) |
2.0 (1.3–2.8) |
1.4 (1.2–1.6) |
||
|
Sex
| ||||||
| Men |
976 (801–1,151) |
519 (499–539) |
<0.001 |
2.0 (1.1–2.8) |
0.9 (0.8–1.0) |
<0.001 |
| Women |
1,023 (916–1,129) |
721 (697–745) |
1.9 (1.4–2.5) |
1.1 (1.0–1.2) |
||
|
Race/Ethnicity
| ||||||
| White, non-Hispanic |
1,10 (959–1,244) |
715 (693–738) |
<0.001 |
2.2 (1.5–2.9) |
1.2 (1.1–1.4) |
<0.001 |
| Black, non-Hispanic |
639 (517–761) |
380 (356–403) |
1.0 (0.3–1.7) |
0.7 (0.6–0.8) |
||
| All other races/ethnicities |
899 (756–1,042) |
484 (456–512) |
2.0 (1.1–2.9) |
0.8 (0.7–0.9) |
||
|
Marital status
| ||||||
| Married |
1,011 (882–1,139) |
628 (606–649) |
<0.001 |
1.1 (0.6–1.5) |
0.5 (0.5–0.6) |
<0.001 |
| Not married§ |
984 (831–1,138) |
616 (594–638) |
2.8 (2.0–3.5) |
1.6 (1.5–1.8) |
||
|
Education
| ||||||
| Less than high school graduate |
731 (566–896) |
463 (424–502) |
<0.001 |
1.7 (0.6–2.8) |
0.8 (0.7–1.0) |
<0.001 |
| High school graduate |
914 (707–1,121) |
508 (481–535) |
1.9 (1.0–2.7) |
0.9 (0.8–1.1) |
||
| Some college or more |
1,091 (969–1,214) |
704 (682–726) |
2.1 (1.4–2.7) |
1.2 (1.1–1.3) |
||
|
Health insurance status
| ||||||
| Any private |
1,114 (968–1,260) |
680 (659–700) |
<0.001 |
1.9 (1.1–2.6) |
0.9 (0.8–1.0) |
<0.001 |
| Public only¶ |
471 (359–583) |
325 (295–355) |
1.5 (0.7–2.2) |
0.9 (0.7–1.1) |
||
| Uninsured |
959 (726–1,193) |
647 (604–691) |
2.8 (1.4–4.3) |
1.9 (1.6–2.2) |
||
|
Employment status
| ||||||
| Full-time |
895 (803–986) |
593 (572–613) |
<0.001 |
0.6 (0.3–0.9) |
0.5 (0.4–0.6) |
<0.001 |
| Part-time |
1,057 (780–1,335) |
600 (549–651) |
2.9 (0.6–5.2) |
1.2 (0.8–1.5) |
||
| Not working |
1,259 (966–1,552) |
697 (664–729) |
4.3 (2.9–5.7) |
1.9 (1.7–2.2) |
||
|
MEPS priority conditions** | ||||||
| Zero or one |
891 (764–1,019) |
493 (476–510) |
<0.001 | 1.8 (1.2–2.4) |
0.7 (0.6–0.8) |
<0.001 |
| Two |
1,252 (1,005–1,500) |
802 (755–850) |
2.6 (1.3–3.9) |
1.4 (1.2–1.7) |
||
| Three or more | 1,359 (1,174–1,544) | 1,138 (1,073–1,203) | 2.4 (1.1–3.8) | 2.0 (1.7–2.4) | ||
Abbreviation: CI = confidence interval.
* High health care out-of-pocket burden was defined as having annual out-of-pocket expenditures on health care services >20% of annual family income. Predicted high out-of-pocket burden percentages from a logistic model controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, health insurance status, employment status, and number of conditions (excluding cancer).
† Predicted mean out-of-pocket costs from a two-part model controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, health insurance status, employment status, and number of conditions (excluding cancer). All costs were adjusted to 2016 dollars using the Consumer Price Index for Medical Care.
§ Not married included widowed, divorced, separated, or never married.
¶ Public insurance included Medicare, Medicaid, State Children’s Health Insurance Program, or other public hospital or physician coverage. TRICARE and CHAMPVA were treated as private coverage, as were employer-based, union-based, and other private insurance.
** Conditions included arthritis, asthma, diabetes, emphysema, heart disease (angina, coronary heart disease, heart attack, other heart condition or disease), high cholesterol, hypertension, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or attention deficit disorder, and stroke, and excluded cancer.