TABLE 5.
ESTIMATES OF CHANGES IN NEIGHBORHOOD CONCENTRATION OF ARTISTS AND CHANGES IN THE DENSITY OF ART ORGANIZATIONS OVER TIME
| CHANGE IN ARTIST CONCENTRATION (1990-2000) |
CHANGE IN DENSITY OF ART NPOs (1990-2006) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
|||||
| (a) Raw Change | (b) Resid. Change | (a) Raw Change | (b) Resid. Change | (a) Raw Change | (b) Resid. Change | (a) Raw Change | (b) Resid. Change | |
| Time Lagged Variables (1990) | ||||||||
| Inter-Cultural Diversity.................. | .234 *** (.037) | .166 *** (.038) | .172*** (.045) | .175 *** (.046) | .037 *** (.009) | .042 *** (.008) | .039 *** (.011) | .043 *** (.010) |
| Diversity of Ancestry.................... | .565 *** (.052) | .018 (.039) | .470 *** (.060) | .024 (.053) | .070 *** (.010) | .032 *** (.008) | .050 *** (.015) | .022 ‡ (.012) |
| Socioeconomic Disadvantage........... | −.174* (.069) | −.093 (.065) | .007 (.017) | .006 (.014) | ||||
| Population Density (a)................... | .011 (.008) | −.014 ‡ (.008) | −.002 (.002) | −.001 (.002) | ||||
| Median Rent (a)......................... | .187 (.371) | −.842 * (.383) | .023 (.089) | −.008 (.085) | ||||
| Gay Concentration........................ | .906 *** (.128) | .169 ‡ (.099) | .858 *** (.127) | .212 * (.100) | .017 (.029) | −.048 * (.021) | −.017 (.032) | −.069 ** (.023) |
| Artist Concentration..................... | −.532 *** (.032) | −.573 *** (.035) | .022 * (.010) | .019 * (.008) | ||||
| Density of Art Organizations............ | .022 (.033) | .012 (.033) | ||||||
| Interdecade Difference Scores (1990-2000) | ||||||||
| Change in Inter-Cultural Diversity...... | −.145 ‡ (.088) | .129 (.088) | −.207 * (.089) | .069 (.090) | −.018 (.020) | − .018 (.019) | −.007 (.021) | −.008 (.020) |
| Change in Diversity of Ancestry....... | .692 *** (.083) | .477 *** (.086) | .596 *** (.087) | .448 *** (.091) | .098 *** (.020) | .103 *** (.018) | .068 ** (.021) | .080 *** (.020) |
| Change in Socioec. Disadvantage...... | −.379 *** (.083) | −.263 ** (.087) | −.038 ‡ (.020) | −.038 * (.019) | ||||
| Change in Population Density (a)....... | −.029 (.021) | −.059 ** (.022) | −.006 (.005) | −.006 (.005) | ||||
| Change in Median Rent (a)............. | .415 (.289) | −.359 (.291) | .033 (.071) | .017 (.065) | ||||
| Change in Gay Concentration........... | .582 *** (.101) | .319 ** (.103) | .543 *** (.100) | .355 *** (.104) | .055 * (.023) | .032 (.022) | .040 (.024) | .019 (.023) |
| Change in Artist Concentration........ | .009 (.008) | .001 (.008) | ||||||
| Density of Starbucks Stores (b)........... | .160** (.058) | .116* (.049) | .141 * (.060) | .088 ‡ (.051) | ||||
| Spatial Dependence (Rho)................ | .254 *** (.040) | .331 *** (.043) | .244 *** (.040) | .299 *** (.043) | .080 ‡ (.048) | .069 (.048) | .052 (.048) | .046 (.048) |
| Intercept.................................... | .433 *** (.050) | −.008 (.035) | .238 (.185) | .459 ** (.175) | .074 *** (.011) | .006 (.008) | .060 (.044) | .002 (.038) |
|
| ||||||||
| R-square | .378 | .235 | .397 | .255 | .149 | .140 | .164 | .154 |
| Akaike Information Criterion | 2256 | 2336 | 2241 | 2321 | −153 | −275 | −152 | −274 |
| Log Likelihood | −1119 | −1160 | −1105 | −1147 | 86 | 147 | 94 | 154 |
NOTE.-- Maximum likelihood spatial models. Standard errors in parentheses.
(a) Coefficients and standard errors are multipled by 1000. (b) Starbucks store data was collected in 2004
***
p<.001,
**
p<.01,
*
p<.05,
‡
p<.10