Table 5.
Age-adjusted and multivariate OR and 95 % CI for macronutrient (5 % of energy) substitution models 2–4 years prior to the reference year and risk of premenstrual syndrome (PMS; n 3638); Nurses’ Health Study II PMS Sub-Study, 1991–2005
| Age-adjusted | MV1* | MV2† | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Substitution | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI |
| Protein for fat | 1·10 | 0·97, 1·25 | 1·12 | 0·95, 1·32 | 1·01 | 0·84, 1·23 |
| Protein for carbohydrate | 1·13 | 1·01, 1·26 | 1·04 | 0·91, 1·19 | 1·00 | 0·85, 1·17 |
| Fat for carbohydrate | 1·06 | 1·00, 1·13 | 0·98 | 0·92, 1·05 | 1·00 | 0·92, 1·07 |
| Fat for protein | 1·05 | 0·95, 1·17 | 1·06 | 0·94, 1·20 | 1·01 | 0·87, 1·18 |
| Carbohydrate for fat | 0·97 | 0·92, 1·02 | 1·05 | 0·99, 1·12 | 1·01 | 0·94, 1·09 |
| Carbohydrate for protein | 0·99 | 0·91, 1·07 | 1·06 | 0·97, 1·17 | 1·02 | 0·90, 1·15 |
MV, multivariable-adjusted.
*
MV1=age, reference year, age at menarche, BMI, physical activity, oral contraceptive use, parity, smoking status, ever use of antidepressants, childhood trauma, vitamin D from dietary sources and total intake of vitamin B6, thiamin and Fe.
†
MV2=MV1+history of depression and total intake of Ca, vitamin B12, riboflavin, folate, Zn and K.