Table 1.

Pivotal clinical trials—baseline characteristics [64, 65, 85, 86, 88]

	VNS (E03)	VNS (E05)	RNS	DBS
n	114	198	191	110
Epilepsy type	Focal	Focal	Focal	Focal
Years with epilepsy	21.8 ± 9.1	22.8 ± 11.1	19.6 ± 11.4	22.3 ± 13
Seizures per month: inclusion criteria	≥ 6	≥ 6	≥ 3	≥ 6 to ≤ 300
Seizures per month: observation period	45.0 (median 20.4 to 23.0)*	35.8 ± 61.5 (median 14.3 to 16.2)**	34.2 ± 61.9 (median 9.7)	56.1 ± 101 (median 19.5)
Prior surgery	31%	22.6%	32%	24.5%
No. of AEDs	2.0 ± 0.8	2.1 ± 0.7	2.9 ± 1.1	2.3 ± 0.7

*Calculated from [41] based on a 28-day month

**Calculated from [42] based on a 28-day month