TABLE 1.
Sociodemographic, pregnancy history, and health characteristics of women of reproductive age and their households in Asesewa, Ghana 1
| Characteristics | |
| Household sociodemographics | |
| Own home, % | 52.0 |
| Own agricultural land, % | 32.7 |
| Female head of household, % | 19.4 |
| Participant is head, % | 13.3 |
| Number of adults in household2 | 2 [2, 4] |
| 1, % | 7.1 |
| 2, % | 48.0 |
| ≥3, % | 44.9 |
| Number of children in household2 | 1 [0, 3] |
| 0, % | 29.6 |
| 1, % | 24.5 |
| ≥2, % | 45.9 |
| Drinking water source,3 % | |
| Piped/public tap | 42.9 |
| Sachet | 55.1 |
| Toilet facility, % | |
| Flush | 17.4 |
| Ventilated improved pit latrine | 36.7 |
| Pit latrine or other | 45.9 |
| Specific place to wash hands, % | 17.4 |
| Has refrigerator/freezer, % | 43.9 |
| Has mosquito net(s), % | 82.7 |
| Participant sociodemographics | |
| Age, y | 26.5 ± 5.1 |
| Education,4 y | 9 [8, 12] |
| Married,5 % | 38.8 |
| Generates income, % | 70.4 |
| Pregnancy history, % | |
| Parity | |
| 0 | 46.9 |
| 1 | 26.5 |
| ≥2 | 26.5 |
| Spontaneous miscarriage (≥1) | 19.3 |
| Induced abortion (≥1) | 24.6 |
| Self-reported health history, % | |
| Anemia | 14.3 |
| Malaria | 55.1 |
| High blood pressure | 3.1 |
| Other heart problems | 9.2 |
| Night blindness | 15.3 |
| Measured health markers | |
| Height,6 cm | 160.0 ± 6.3 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.8 [21.5, 29.0] |
| Normal (18.5 to <25.0), % | 60.2 |
| Overweight (25.0 to <30.0), % | 21.4 |
| Obese (≥30.0), % | 18.4 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 109.5 ± 11.6 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 70.2 ± 10.4 |
Values are percentages for categorical variables, means ± SDs for continuous variables with a normal distribution, or medians [IQRs] for continuous variables with a nonnormal distribution; n = 98.
Highest number of adults and children reported in household was 7 and 8, respectively.
Two women reported “tube well/borehole.”
Six women reported 0 y of schooling; 11 women reported completing senior secondary school; no one reported completing higher education (university or polytechnics).
Although few women reported being “married,” 96 women reported being in a committed relationship; “customary marriage” is the most common/traditional union in Ghana but is often not called “marriage.”
Minimum and maximum were 141 cm and 176 cm, respectively.