Fig. 2.

Western blot analysis of EV-specific protein markers in protein lysates obtained from five different purification types: spin column chromatography (A), immunoaffinity (B), precipitation (C), membrane affinity (D) and ultracentrifugation combined with density gradient (E). Uromodulin and calnexin indicate uEV contamination with non-EV structures. The other proteins are used as positive marker proteins. Asterisks indicate bands related to murine immunoglobin G. HEK and HeLa cell lysates were used as positive controls. The blot is representative of one sample with a urinary creatinine content of 1.04 g/l.