Table 3.
Characteristics of Medicaid Beneficiaries Attributed to an ACO in the Year Prior to Implementation in Maine, Minnesota, and Vermonta
| Minnesota | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Maine | Medicaid | MN APCD | Vermont |
| Number of unique beneficiaries | 43,994 | 294,923 | 239,245 | 64,643 |
| Beneficiary‐level sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
| Female, % | 57.29 | 56.19 | 56.28 | 53.13 |
| Age < 1 year, % | 2.72 | 4.17 | 3.95 | 0.75 |
| Age 1‐18 years, % | 43.13 | 51.24 | 50.60 | 53.16 |
| Age 19‐64 years, % | 47.68 | 44.59 | 45.45 | 46.08 |
| Age ≥ 65 years, % | 6.48 | 0.01 | 0.0 | – |
| Enrolled in Medicaid because of disability, % | 23.23 | 8.28 | – | 14.26 |
| Medicare‐Medicaid beneficiaries, % | 18.71 | – | – | – |
| CDPS risk score in the prior year, mean | 1.30 | 1.30 | – | 1.30 |
| Hierarchical Condition Categories scoreb | – | – | 2.13 | – |
| Characteristics of beneficiary county of residence | ||||
| Metropolitan status, % | 50.63 | 77.41 | 77.14 | 22.74 |
| Uninsured rate, % | 14.0 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 8.9 |
| Median age | 42.2 | 37.4 | 37.5 | 42.2 |
| Poverty rate, % | 15.4 | 12.4 | 12.7 | 12.6 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 population | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 2.4 |
| Health care utilization/expenditures for beneficiaries | ||||
| Total annual Medicaid expenditures, prior year, $ | 5,975.00 | – | 4,943.88 | 4,960.70 |
| Any inpatient admissions in the prior year, % | 10.44 | 10.28 | 8.80 | 4.53 |
| Any ED visits in the prior year, % | 39.76 | 31.76 | 29.53 | 27.29 |
Abbreviations: ACO, accountable care organization; APCD, all payer claims database; CDPS, Chronic Illness and Disability Payment System (larger CDPS scores correspond with a larger number of comorbidities or a more severe set of comorbidities); ED, emergency department; MN, Minnesota.
In Maine, year prior to implementation was August 2013‐July 2014. In Minnesota, the year prior to implementation was January 2012‐December 2012. In Vermont, the year prior to implementation January 2013‐December 2013. bLarger hierarchical condition categories scores correspond with a larger number of comorbidities or a more severe set of comorbidities.