Figure 3.

Benefits of pre-clinical prediction of hidden cardiotoxicity by pre-clinical testing platforms (Hiddentox) in drug development. Hiddentox may lead to potential savings of drug development cost and development time by timely pre-clinical termination of compounds that show hidden cardiotoxic properties in diseased experimental models. Moreover, Hiddentox may increase success rate of drug development by pre-clinical determination of certain comorbidities in the presence of which hidden cardiotoxicity may manifest, thereby, improving knowledge for rational design of clinical trials on targeted patient populations. Finally, Hiddentox will increase patient safety during clinical trials and clinical use of drugs in the market by preventing potentially cardiotoxic drugs entering into clinical trials or to market.