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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 7.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2018 Mar;11(3):e005659. doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.117.005659

Figure 8. Reactive oxygen species and nitroso-redox imbalance in left atrial myocardial infarction (LAMI) hearts.

Figure 8.

A, DCF (6-carboxy-2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) fluorescence in the ischemic zone (IZ). Top, Representative series of con-focal microscope DCF fluorescence snapshots across a single LAMI sample. Bottom, DCF fluorescence quantification in 3 LAMI hearts. B, Tissue xanthine content (top) and NADP/NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate/reduced form) ratios (bottom) are significantly larger in the IZ, indicating increased xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase activities, respectively. C, Top, Quantification of NOS1 (NO synthase-1) protein expression relative to GAPDH. Non-IZ (NIZ) value normalized to 1. IZsham and NIZsham are corresponding regions in sham-operated animals. Bottom, Representative blots. D, CaM modulation of [3H]ryanodine binding in NIZ and IZ tissue homogenates tissue from 4 animals and effect of dantrolene. Five distinct counts were obtained in IZ, NIZ, IZ+dantrolene, and NIZ+dantrolene samples from each animal. DIC indicates differential interference contrast microscopy. *P<0.05, **P<0.01.