Table 1.
Inclusion criteria
| Study design | Cohort |
| Case–control | |
| Cross-sectional (if duration of TDF therapy is stated) | |
| RCT | |
| Article characteristics | Full articles |
| Open access dissertations/theses | |
| Grey literature | |
| Participants | Africans |
| All age groups | |
| HIV positive on TDF containing ART | |
| Setting | Primary research done on the African continent |
| Intervention | TDF containing ART |
| Outcome | Kidney dysfunction. Indicated by any of the following outcome measurements: |
| Glycosuria, phosphaturia | |
| CrCl and eGFR data | |
| Serum creatinine data | |
| Albumin creatinine ratio | |
| Protein creatinine ratio |