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. 2019 Jun 6;20:458. doi: 10.1186/s12864-019-5818-7

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 5 — Gene structure and/or single amino acid changes in functionally active residues for gene expansions in flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways. (a) shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT, K13065). (b) anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase (UGT75C1, K12338). (c) anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase (BZ1, K12930). (d) Caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT, K00588). (e) chalcone synthase (CHS, K00660). (f) anthocyanidin reductase (ANR, K08695). (g) chalcone isomerase (CHI, K01859). (h) bifunctional dihydroflavonol 4-reductase/flavanone 4-reductase (DFR, K13082). (i) leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX, K05277). (j) leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR, K13081). (k) flavonol synthase (FLS, K05278). (l) naringenin 3-dioxygenase (K00475). (m) trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase (CYP73A, K00487). (n) flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (K13083). (o) flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase (K05280)