Table 3.

Overview of selected studies

	Author	Treatment regimen	Placebo	Delivery system (by investigator/patient)	Disease	Number treated/placebo	Regression treated (%)/placebo (%)	Remission treated (%)/placebo (%)	FU, after end of treatment
1	Sidhu 1997 [14]	20 mg of 5-FU for 24 h (one application)	Cytotoxic drug delivery system without 5FU	Bilaminar bioadhesive polymeric film	CIN1–2	48/46	67%/72% (p = 0.76)		6 months
2	Rahangdale 2014 [13]	2 g of 5% 5-FU once every 2 weeks for a total of 16 weeks (eight applications)	Observation, no placebo	Vaginal applicator (+ tampon) (by patient)	CIN2	28/27	93%/56% (p = 0.01)	86%/44%	10 weeks
3	Meyskens 1994 [28]	1.0 ml of 0.375% atRA or a placebo cream for 24 h. Start: daily for 4 days; months 3 and 6: daily for 2 days (eight applications)	Polyethylene glycol 400, butylated hydroxytoluene, 55% alcohol	Cervical cap + collagen sponge (by investigator)	CIN2 CIN3	75/66 40/51		43%/27% (p = 0.41) 25%/31% (p = 0.33)	21 months
4	Ruffin 2004 [29]	0.16–0.28% - 0.36% atRA or placebo daily for four consecutive days (four applications)	Same carrier base to compound atRA	cervical cap + collagen sponge (by investigator)	CIN2 CIN3	29–32–34/24 16–12–13/14	83–87–74%/70% 57–58–35%/57%	62–50–50% /62% 44–50–14/21%	11 weeks
5	Van Pachterbeke 2009 [16]	3 ml cidofovir 2% in Intrasite gel (for 4 h) or placebo, three applications in 1 week	Sterile water + Intrasite gel	Cervical cap (by investigator)	CIN2–3	23/25		61%/20% (p = 0.01)	6 weeks
6	Grimm 2012 [30]	6.25 mg imiquimod (overnight)	2 g Adeps solidus	Vaginal suppositories (by patient)	CIN2–3	28/27	79%/41% (p = 0.009)	50%/15% (p = 0.08)	4 weeks
		week 1–2: 1 suppo/w
		week 3–4: 2 suppo/w
		week 5–16: 3 suppo/w
		(max. 42 applications)

CIN cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, FU follow-up, mIU million international units