Table 4.
Normative values by body mass index (BMI).
| Dominant side ROM (°), mean (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI category | < 18.50 | 18.50 to 24.99 | 25.00 to 29.99 | ≥ 30.00 |
| Male (n = 166) | 6 | 105 | 40 | 15 |
| Active | ||||
| Flexion | 151 (148 to 155) | 145 (144 to 146) | 140 (139 to 142) | 136 (134 to 138) |
| Extension | −2 (−4 to 1) | 0 (−1 to 1) | 1 (0 to 2) | 0 (−3 to 2) |
| Pronation | 84 (80 to 89) | 78 (77 to 80) | 77 (75 to 79) | 78 (75 to 81) |
| Supination | 90 (85 to 94) | 86 (85 to 87) | 83 (81 to 85) | 82 (80 to 85) |
| Passive | ||||
| Flexion | 155 (152 to 159) | 149 (148 to 150) | 144 (143 to 1456) | 140 (138 to 143) |
| Extension | −3 (−8 to 2) | −2 (−3 to −1) | −1 (−2 to 0) | −2 (−4 to 1) |
| Pronation | 89 (85 to 92) | 82 (81 to 84) | 81 (78 to 83) | 82 (79 to 85) |
| Supination | 95 (89 to 100) | 90 (89 to 91) | 87 (85 to 89) | 86 (83 to 89) |
| Female (n = 186) | 8 | 133 | 34 | 11 |
| Active | ||||
| Flexion | 157 (154 to 159) | 149 (148−150) | 146 (144 to 148) | 138 (135 to 141) |
| Extension | −15 (−17 to −12) | −5 (−6 to −4) | −3 (−6 to −1) | −2 (−5 to 2) |
| Pronation | 86 (82 to 89) | 82 (81 to 84) | 80 (78 to 82) | 78 (75 to 82) |
| Supination | 94 (90 to 97) | 89 (88 to 90) | 8 (84 to 89) | 84 (81 to 88) |
| Passive | ||||
| Flexion | 163 (161 to 166) | 154 (153 to 155) | 150 (148 to 152) | 142 (139 to 145) |
| Extension | −20 (−24 to −17) | −8 (−9 to −7) | −6 (−8 to −2) | −4 (−8 to −1) |
| Pronation | 91 (88 to 95) | 87 (86 to 88) | 84 (81 to 87) | 81 (77 to 85) |
| Supination | 100 (95 to 105) | 93 (92 to 95) | 90 (88 to 92) | 88 (84 to 92) |
CI, confidence interval; ROM, range of motion.