Table 2.
Sample Characteristics.
| Patients | Controls | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| References | Dis. | n | Age | SD | Onset | n | Age | SD | Lesion location |
| Agid et al., 2003 | MDD | 37 | 55.0 | 16.3 | NS | 27 | 50.0 | 11.2 | OWMH |
| Ahn et al., 2004 | BD | 43 | 36.9 | 11.5 | NS | 39 | 35.1 | 9.7 | DWMH, PVH |
| Allan, 2014 | MDD | 32 | 68.9 | 5.7 | LL | 94 | 69.2 | 5.3 | DWMH, PVH |
| Alves et al., 2012 | MDD | 17 | 65.5 | 5.5 | LL | 18 | 66.4 | 3.5 | OWMH |
| Birner et al., 2015 | BD | 100 | 44.0 | 14.0 | NS | 54 | 41.0 | 16.0 | OWMH |
| Brown et al., 1992 | MDD | 28 | 40.3 | 10.5 | NS | 154 | 34.0 | 9.5 | DWMH, PVH |
| Chen C. S. et al., 2006 | MDD | 14 | 75.1 | 6.3 | LO | 11 | 72.6 | 8.1 | OWMH |
| Colloby et al., 2011 | MDD | 38 | 74.1 | 6.1 | LL | 30 | 74.4 | 6.4 | DWMH, PVH |
| Davis et al., 2004 | BD | 22 | 43.1 | 11.2 | NS | 32 | 37.8 | 10.8 | OWMH |
| De Asis et al., 2006 | BD | 40 | 69.8 | 6.7 | LL | 15 | 66.9 | 6.5 | DWMH, SCGMH |
| Delaloye et al., 2010 | MDD | 30 | 65.0 | 4.2 | EO | 30 | 70.8 | 6.8 | DWMH, PVH, SCGMH |
| Delaloye et al., 2010 | MDD | 11 | 75.8 | 6.5 | LO | 30 | 70.8 | 6.8 | DWMH, PVH, SCGMH |
| El-Badri et al., 2006 | BD | 50 | 30.2 | 6.2 | NS | 26 | 30.2 | 6.2 | DWMH, PVH |
| Emsell et al., 2017 | MDD | 55 | 73.6 | 7.4 | LL | 52 | 72.7 | 6.5 | OWMH |
| Feng et al., 2014 | MDD | 57 | 71.8 | 5.0 | EO | 85 | 72.3 | 5.9 | DWMH, PVH |
| Feng et al., 2014 | MDD | 84 | 73.2 | 4.8 | LO | 85 | 72.3 | 5.9 | DWMH, PVH |
| Feng et al., 2014 | MDD | 54 | 73.1 | 5.6 | NS | 85 | 72.3 | 5.9 | DWMH, PVH |
| Firbank et al., 2004 | MDD | 29 | 75.7 | 5.9 | LL | 32 | 74.9 | 7.0 | OWMH, DWMH, SCGMH |
| Gildengers et al., 2015 | BD | 58 | 64.5 | 9.8 | LL | 21 | 65.6 | 7.5 | OWMH |
| Greenwald et al., 1998 | MDD | 35 | 74.7 | 6.4 | LL | 31 | 72.9 | 4.7 | DWMH, SCGMH |
| Greenwald et al., 1996 | MDD | 48 | 74.6 | 6.1 | LL | 39 | 72.6 | 6.4 | DWMH, PVH, SCGMH |
| Greenwald et al., 2001 | MDD | 40 | 74.6 | 6.2 | LL | 21 | 74.6 | 5.8 | DWMH, SCGMH |
| Greenwald et al., 2001 | MDD | 41 | 74.7 | 6.2 | LL | 49 | 71.9 | 5.5 | DWMH, SCGMH |
| Gunning-Dixon et al., 2010 | MDD | 22 | 69.7 | 4.7 | LL | 25 | 70.7 | 5.8 | Other |
| Harada et al., 2016 | MDD | 45 | 60.2 | 8.2 | LL | 61 | 62.9 | 7.6 | DWMH, PVH, SCGMH |
| Hickie et al., 2005 | MDD | 47 | 52.8 | 12.6 | LL | 21 | 54.7 | 9.1 | DWMH, PVH, SCGMH |
| Hong et al., 2009 | MDD | 178 | 69.9 | 7.7 | LL | 85 | 70.0 | 5.7 | OWMH, GMH |
| Iosifescu et al., 2005 | MDD | 50 | 14.6 | 10.3 | NS | 35 | 39.2 | 9.8 | DWMH, PVH |
| Iosifescu et al., 2006 | MDD | 19 | 39.6 | 7.6 | NS | 35 | 39.2 | 9.8 | DWMH, PVH |
| Iosifescu et al., 2006 | MDD | 65 | 40.7 | 10.2 | NS | 35 | 39.2 | 9.8 | DWMH, PVH |
| Johnson et al., 2017 | MDD | 130 | 69.9 | 7.0 | LL | 110 | 70.2 | 5.8 | OWMH |
| Keshavan et al., 1996 | MDD | 19 | 67.0 | 5.6 | LL | 19 | 64.2 | 8.3 | DWMH, PVH, SCGMH |
| Kieseppä et al., 2014 | BD | 13 | 42.8 | 11.1 | NS | 21 | 41.7 | 11.3 | DWMH |
| Kieseppä et al., 2014 | BD | 15 | 38.4 | 9.1 | NS | 21 | 41.7 | 11.3 | DWMH |
| Kieseppä et al., 2014 | MDD | 16 | 48.4 | 10.3 | NS | 21 | 41.7 | 11.3 | DWMH |
| Köhler et al., 2011 | MDD | 20 | 70.9 | 6.4 | LL | 25 | 72.0 | 6.1 | OWMH |
| Köhler et al., 2010 | MDD | 35 | 74.1 | 6.5 | LL | 29 | 72.8 | 6.9 | OWMH |
| Kramer-Ginsberg et al., 1999 | MDD | 41 | 74.6 | 6.0 | LL | 38 | 72.8 | 6.4 | DWMH, PVH, SCGMH |
| Kumar et al., 2000 | MDD | 51 | 74.3 | 6.6 | LL | 30 | 69.4 | 6.1 | Other |
| Lee et al., 2003 | MDD | 38 | 68.7 | 7.0 | LL | 41 | 71.2 | 6.3 | DWMH, SCGMH |
| Lenze et al., 1999 | MDD | 24 | 52.8 | 18.4 | NS | 24 | 52.7 | 18.4 | DWMH, PVH, SCGMH |
| Lesser et al., 1996 | MDD | 60 | 63.1 | 7.9 | LO | 165 | 64.4 | 9.6 | OWMH |
| Lesser et al., 1996 | MDD | 35 | 57.3 | 6.1 | EO | 165 | 64.4 | 9.6 | OWMH |
| Lin et al., 2005 | MDD | 37 | 72.7 | 3.6 | LO | 18 | 70.2 | 4.7 | DWMH, PVH |
| Lloyd et al., 2004 | MDD | 23 | 72.7 | 6.7 | EO | 39 | 73.1 | 6.7 | DWMH, PVH |
| Lloyd et al., 2004 | MDD | 28 | 75.1 | 5.8 | LO | 39 | 73.1 | 6.7 | DWMH, PVH |
| Lloyd et al., 2009 | BD | 48 | 44.5 | 8.9 | NS | 47 | 45.8 | 8.6 | DWMH, PVH, SCGMH |
| Madsen et al., 2012 | MDD | 14 | 56.0 | NA | EO | 14 | 63.0 | NA | DWMH, PVH |
| Madsen et al., 2012 | MDD | 14 | 67.0 | NA | LO | 14 | 63.0 | NA | DWMH, PVH |
| Mak et al., 2016 | MDD | 33 | 73.6 | 5.2 | LL | 25 | 73.6 | 6.0 | DWMH, PVH |
| McDonald et al., 1991 | BD | 12 | 68.3 | 7.0 | LO | 12 | 68.7 | 7.0 | OWMH |
| McDonald et al., 1999 | BD | 38 | 35.9 | 11.0 | LO | 30 | 34.4 | 8.0 | DWMH, PVH, SCGMH |
| McDonald et al., 1999 | BD | 32 | 68.2 | 9.0 | LL | 40 | 67.3 | 7.0 | DWMH, PVH, SCGMH |
| Miller et al., 1994 | MDD | 19 | 69.0 | 6.0 | LL | 23 | 68.0 | 8.0 | DWMH, PVH, SCGMH |
| Moore et al., 2001 | BD | 15 | 42.1 | 13.9 | NS | 15 | 41.9 | 12.6 | DWMH, PVH |
| Moore et al., 2001 | BD | 14 | 47.4 | 10.1 | NS | 15 | 41.9 | 12.6 | DWMH, PVH |
| O'Brien et al., 1996 | MDD | 60 | 71.2 | 7.9 | NS | 39 | 71.4 | 11.0 | DWMH, PVH |
| Oh and Cheon, 2004 | MDD | 32 | 63.1 | 10.0 | LL | 25 | 60.5 | 6.6 | DWMH, PVH |
| Paranthaman et al., 2010 | MDD | 25 | 72.6 | 4.4 | LL | 21 | 72.2 | 6.5 | DWMH, PVH, SCGMH |
| Patel et al., 2012 | MDD | 33 | 68.3 | 6.6 | LL | 41 | 71.7 | 7.9 | OWMH |
| Payne et al., 2013 | MDD | 29 | 68.3 | 6.5 | LL | 13 | 68.3 | 6.5 | OWMH |
| Pillai et al., 2002 | BD | 15 | 15.0 | 2.4 | Ped. | 16 | 16.0 | 1.8 | OWMH |
| Potter et al., 2007 | MDD | 83 | 71.6 | 6.3 | LL | 47 | 74.1 | 6.4 | Other |
| Rabins et al., 1991 | MDD | 21 | NA | NA | LL | 16 | NA | NA | OWMH, PVH, SCGMH |
| Rolstad et al., 2016 | BD | 75 | 36.5 | 12.2 | NS | 83 | 38.6 | 14.5 | DWMH |
| Sassi et al., 2003 | BD | 24 | 34.2 | 9.9 | NS | 38 | 36.8 | 9.7 | DWMH, PVH, SCGMH |
| Sassi et al., 2003 | MDD | 17 | 42.8 | 9.2 | NS | 38 | 36.8 | 9.7 | DWMH, PVH, SCGMH |
| Schwichtenberg et al., 2017 | MDD | 45 | 73.7 | 6.3 | LO | 42 | 72.0 | 6.7 | Other |
| Sexton et al., 2012 | MDD | 36 | 71.8 | 7.7 | LL | 25 | 71.8 | 7.3 | DWMH, PVH |
| Silverstone et al., 2003 | BD | 13 | 40.2 | NA | NS | 19 | 35.9 | NA | DWMH, PVH |
| Silverstone et al., 2003 | MDD | 11 | 34.4 | NA | EO | 19 | 35.9 | NA | DWMH, PVH |
| Tamashiro et al., 2008 | BD | 10 | 73.6 | 4.1 | LO | 24 | 69.0 | 7.2 | DWMH, PVH, SCGMH |
| Tamashiro et al., 2008 | BD | 49 | 67.8 | 4.4 | EO | 24 | 69.0 | 7.2 | DWMH, PVH, SCGMH |
| Taylor et al., 2007 | MDD | 226 | 70.0 | 7.4 | LL | 144 | 70.3 | 6.5 | OWMH, SCGMH |
| Taylor et al., 2005 | MDD | 253 | 70.5 | 6.2 | LL | 146 | 69.9 | 7.5 | OWMH, SCGMH |
| Taylor et al., 2014 | MDD | 47 | 69.3 | 6.5 | LL | 70 | 69.7 | 6.2 | OWMH |
| Taylor et al., 2014 | MDD | 18 | 70.0 | 6.1 | LL | 70 | 69.7 | 6.2 | OWMH |
| Taylor et al., 2014 | MDD | 27 | 72.1 | 7.3 | LL | 70 | 69.7 | 6.2 | OWMH |
| Taylor et al., 2013b | MDD | 54 | 68.9 | 5.6 | LL | 37 | 73.8 | 5.8 | OWMH |
| Taylor et al., 2008 | MDD | 199 | 70.0 | 7.8 | LL | 113 | 69.9 | 5.6 | OWMH, SCGMH |
| Tighe et al., 2012 | BD | 12 | 33.8 | 2.4 | NS | 31 | 33.0 | 2.0 | OWMH |
| Tupler et al., 2002 | MDD | 69 | 70.5 | 8.1 | LO | 37 | 65.9 | 9.4 | DWMH, PVH, SCGMH |
| Tupler et al., 2002 | MDD | 46 | 61.1 | 12.2 | EO | 37 | 65.9 | 9.4 | DWMH, PVH, SCGMH |
| Vasudev et al., 2012 | MDD | 41 | 74.0 | 5.9 | LL | 32 | 74.6 | 6.3 | DWMH, PVH |
| Weber et al., 2010 | MDD | 38 | 66.1 | 6.2 | EO | 62 | 71.1 | 7.3 | DWMH, PVH, SCGMH |
| Wu et al., 2014 | MDD | 65 | 73.2 | 4.4 | LO | 270 | 72.3 | 5.7 | OWMH |
Each sample is listed once. Dis., Disorder; Age, age (M); SD, age (SD); Onset, age at illness onset categorically assigned to the following groups; NS, not specified; LL, late-life depression; LO, late-onset depression; EO, early-onset depression; Ped., pediatric depression; OWMH, overall white matter hyperintensities; DWMH, deep white matter hyperintensities; PVH, periventricular hyperintensities; SCGMH, subcortical gray matter hyperintensities.