Table 5.
Subgroup analyses.
| p-values of subgroup analyses | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subgroup | n | s | o | g | SE | p-value | 1 vs. 2 | 2 vs. 3 | 1 vs. 3 | τ |
| Disorder | 0.218 | |||||||||
| 1. MDD | 54 | 66 | 151 | 0.189 | 0.034 | <0.001 | 0.012 | – | – | |
| 2. BD | 17 | 21 | 51 | 0.374 | 0.066 | <0.001 | – | – | – | |
| Onset group | 0.154 | |||||||||
| 1. Late-onset | 13 | 13 | 33 | 0.560 | 0.060 | <0.001 | <0.001 | – | – | |
| 2. Early-onset | 9 | 9 | 27 | −0.031 | 0.066 | 0.644 | – | 0.008 | – | |
| 3. Late-life | 37 | 37 | 98 | 0.169 | 0.037 | <0.001 | – | – | <0.001 | |
| Lesion assessment | 0.223 | |||||||||
| 1. Rating scale | 42 | 57 | 159 | 0.246 | 0.038 | <0.001 | 0.053 | – | – | |
| 2. Automated | 13 | 15 | 21 | 0.085 | 0.075 | 0.258 | – | 0.027 | – | |
| 3. Semi-automated | 12 | 13 | 18 | 0.327 | 0.079 | <0.001 | – | – | 0.352 | |
n, number of studies; s, number of samples; o, number of outcomes; g, Hedges' g; MDD, major depressive disorder; BD, bipolar disorder; τ, tau (estimate of the total standard deviation of the true effect size) for each model including one moderator, respectively.