Table 1.
Characterization of the induction progress in S. aurata juveniles exposed to different concentrations of clove oil and MS-222.
| Anesthetic (mg L−1) | Sedation stage | Anesthesia stage | Recovery | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Light | Deep | Light | Deep | ||
| CLOVE OIL | |||||
| 5 | 730 ± 159A | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | 325 ± 31B |
| 10 | 79 ± 10B | 146 ± 15A | n.r. | n.r. | 1040 ± 26A |
| 20 | 47 ± 3BC | 83 ± 14B | 109 ± 6A | 528 ± 44A | 427 ± 30B |
| 40 | 34 ± 5C | 55 ± 9BC | 60 ± 8B | 159 ± 18B | 359 ± 57B |
| 60 | 17 ± 1D | 27 ± 2C | 36 ± 2C | 80 ± 5C | 404 ± 26B |
| MS-222 | |||||
| 10 | 854 ± 126A | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | 173 ± 28D |
| 25 | 281 ± 11B | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | 354 ± 67BC |
| 50 | 110 ± 5C | 234 ± 6A | 1014 ± 109A | n.r. | 455 ± 52AB |
| 70 | 72 ± 2D | 112 ± 4B | 268 ± 19B | 547 ± 56A | 273 ± 20CD |
| 80 | 40 ± 4E | 57 ± 4C | 116 ± 15C | 214 ± 9B | 289 ± 19CD |
| 100 | 28 ± 4F | 44 ± 4C | 75 ± 17D | 202 ± 15B | 525 ± 22A |
Times (s) of induction to light and deep sedation and anesthesia, as well as recovery are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 8). n.r.: not reached stage. Different sets of capital letters represent statistical differences among doses for each stage of the induction progress (one-way ANOVA followed by a post-hoc Tukey test, p < 0.05).