Table 4.
Glycogen (mg glc g tissue−1), free glucose (mg glc g tissue−1), TAG (mg g tissue−1), amino acids (μmol g tissue−1) and enzymatic activities (GP, PK, LDH-o, FBP, ALT, AST, GLDH, G6PDH, GPDH, HADH; U mg prot−1), in liver of S. aurata juveniles after 6 h of simulated transport (post-stress), under sedation doses of either: (i) control (none); (ii) clove oil (2.5 mg L−1); or MS-222 (5 mg L−1), and after 18 h of maintenance in clean and quite recovery tanks (recovery).
| Post-stress | Recovery | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Clove oil | MS-222 | Control | Clove oil | MS-222 | |
| METABOLITES | ||||||
| Glycogen | 14.31 ± 1.03A | 12.35 ± 1.72AB | 10.24 ± 0.72B | 13.7 ± 1.62 | 15.62 ± 1.90 | 16.06 ± 1.22* |
| Free glucose | 6.77 ± 0.26 | 6.54 ± 0.49 | 5.88 ± 0.50 | 7.15 ± 0.54 | 7.03 ± 0.42 | 6.42 ± 0.82 |
| TAG | 38.98 ± 3.37 | 40.31 ± 7.02 | 39.32 ± 2.86 | 34.12 ± 3.32b | 35.62 ± 3.54ab | 45.95 ± 3.42a |
| Amino acids | 166.4 ± 8.5A | 141.3 ± 7.7AB | 137.4 ± 10.8B | 139.3 ± 7.7* | 137.7 ± 7.3 | 134.6 ± 10.6 |
| ENZYMES | ||||||
| GP | 1.66 ± 0.09A | 1.00 ± 0.20B | 1.55 ± 0.16A | 1.46 ± 0.11b | 3.58 ± 0.16a* | 1.89 ± 0.26b |
| PK | 1.71 ± 0.12B | 2.52 ± 0.29A | 2.32 ± 0.12A | 1.84 ± 0.11 | 1.75 ± 0.14* | 1.82 ± 0.15* |
| LDH-o | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 0.17 ± 0.01 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.17 ± 0.02 | 0.16 ± 0.02 |
| FBP | 1.56 ± 0.08 | 1.58 ± 0.09 | 1.72 ± 0.09 | 1.53 ± 0.07b | 1.78 ± 0.06a | 1.67 ± 0.06ab |
| ALT | 15.00 ± 0.33 | 14.46 ± 1.12 | 14.36 ± 0.26 | 16.63 ± 0.55b* | 18.39 ± 0.53a* | 16.44 ± 0.30b* |
| AST | 14.07 ± 0.72 | 14.25 ± 0.51 | 15.58 ± 0.87 | 16.20 ± 0.47a* | 13.20 ± 1.50b | 15.42 ± 0.30ab |
| GLDH | 12.37 ± 0.38A | 9.56 ± 1.18B | 12.51 ± 0.40A | 9.30 ± 0.54ab* | 7.89 ± 0.68b | 10.63 ± 0.75a |
| G6PDH | 5.03 ± 0.56A | 3.71 ± 0.35B | 4.57 ± 0.19AB | 3.89 ± 0.13b* | 4.04 ± 0.28b | 5.66 ± 0.18a* |
| GPDH | 0.75 ± 0.09 | 0.87 ± 0.11 | 0.60 ± 0.04 | 1.07 ± 0.09* | 0.92 ± 0.16 | 0.99 ± 0.14* |
| HADH | 3.92 ± 0.14AB | 4.33 ± 0.11A | 3.69 ± 0.26B | 4.26 ± 0.10 | 4.52 ± 0.28 | 4.21 ± 0.12 |
Different capital letters represent statistical differences among sedating conditions after simulated transport; different lowercase letters represent statistical differences among treatments after recovery; and asterisks represent statistical differences between sampling times for each treatment (two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey test). Statistical significance was accepted at p < 0.05.