Table 1.
Therapeutic approaches to CD38 inhibition and immunomodulation.
| Compound name | Mechanism of action | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| NAD analogs | Covalent inhibitors | Ara-F-NAD | Competitive inhibition of NADase activity |
| Ara-F-NFM | |||
| Ara-F-NMN phosphoester/C48 | |||
| Non-covalent inhibitors | Carba-NAD | Competitive inhibition of NADase activity | |
| Pseudo-Carba-NAD | |||
| Apigenin | |||
| Flavonoids | Luteolinidin | ||
| Kuromanin | |||
| Rhein/K-Rhein | Uncompetitive inhibition of NADase activity | ||
| 4-amino- quinolines | 78c | Uncompetitive inhibition of NADase activity | |
| 1ah | Competitive inhibition of NADase activity | ||
| 1ai | |||
| Antibodies (IgG mAB) | Isatuximab | Allosteric inhibition of NADase activity/Cytotoxic effect/clearance of CD38+ cells | |
| Daratumumab | Cytotoxic effect/clearance of CD38+ cells | ||
| TAK-079 | |||
| MOR-202 |
NAD+ analogs, flavonoids, small molecule inhibitors (4-amino-quinolines), and antibodies have been shown to have therapeutic potential as immunomodulators in conditions of aging and tumor immunity.