Table 1.
Therapeutic approaches to CD38 inhibition and immunomodulation.
Compound name | Mechanism of action | ||
---|---|---|---|
NAD analogs | Covalent inhibitors | Ara-F-NAD | Competitive inhibition of NADase activity |
Ara-F-NFM | |||
Ara-F-NMN phosphoester/C48 | |||
Non-covalent inhibitors | Carba-NAD | Competitive inhibition of NADase activity | |
Pseudo-Carba-NAD | |||
Apigenin | |||
Flavonoids | Luteolinidin | ||
Kuromanin | |||
Rhein/K-Rhein | Uncompetitive inhibition of NADase activity | ||
4-amino- quinolines | 78c | Uncompetitive inhibition of NADase activity | |
1ah | Competitive inhibition of NADase activity | ||
1ai | |||
Antibodies (IgG mAB) | Isatuximab | Allosteric inhibition of NADase activity/Cytotoxic effect/clearance of CD38+ cells | |
Daratumumab | Cytotoxic effect/clearance of CD38+ cells | ||
TAK-079 | |||
MOR-202 |
NAD+ analogs, flavonoids, small molecule inhibitors (4-amino-quinolines), and antibodies have been shown to have therapeutic potential as immunomodulators in conditions of aging and tumor immunity.