Table 2.

FEM and stress distribution in platform switched-implants

S.No	Author	Year	Study Variables	Conclusion
1	Markose J et al[29]	2017	Study compared the effect platform switched (PS), sloping shoulder, and regular implants on stress decline in different bone densities using finite element analysis model.	The results of the study revealed that the sloping shoulder implant in subcrestal position were encouraging for bone growth, stress distribution, and maintenance of existing bone.
2	Aradya A et al[30]	2016	Study was intended to assess stress distribution in the across the cortical section of bone with normal abutment and platform switched abutment when subjected to vertical and oblique forces in mandibular posterior region.	The researchers concluded that platform switched abutment caused comparative reduction in von Mises stress in the across the cortical section of bone when matched with normal abutment under vertical and oblique forces in mandibular posterior region.
3	Xia H et al[31]	2013	Study was carried out to evaluate the stress distribution in the bone surrounding a platform-switched implant with marginal bone loss.	The results revealed that PS technique had a biomechanical benefit in case of marginal bone resorption but this gain was faded when bone resorption was intense.
4	Rismanchian M et al[32]	2013	A research was aimed to assess peri-implant bone stress distribution for platform- switched implants when positioned at altered depths.	Researchers established that subcrestal placement of 2-stage platform-switched implants marginally maximises the stress within the cortical bone.
5	Vargas LC et al[33]	2013	Research was done to calculate stress distribution on peri-implant bone by mimicking the biomechanical impact of implants with dissimilar diameters of regular or platform switched abutments using 3-D FEM.	The results of the study revealed that platform switching was more obvious for cortical bone when compared that of trabecular bone. This was mainly seen in large platform diameter reduction.