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. 2019 May;112(5):649–705. doi: 10.5935/abc.20190086
Recommendations Grade of recommendation Level of evidence
Tobacco use is a modifiable risk factor for CVD in elderly individuals and cessation is recommended I C
Use of multidisciplinary approaches, with the 4 As Method, is recommended: ask, advise, assist, and arrange follow up I C
Nicotine/bupropion transdermal patches or chewing gum may be used to cease tobacco use IIa C

CVD: cardiovascular disease.