Table 2.4.
Fetal echocardiogram mandatory, optional, and recommended elements
| Essential, mandatory elements (Class I) | |
|---|---|
| Two-dimensional echocardiographic anatomy | Cardiovisceral situs |
| Cardiac position | |
| Pericardial effusion | |
| Systemic and pulmonary venous connections | |
| Atrial morphology | |
| Atrial septal morphology | |
| Atrioventricular connection | |
| Ventricular morphology, size, and comparative analysis of the ventricular sizes | |
| Ventricular-arterial connection | |
| Atrioventricular valves morphology, size, and comparative analysis of the valvular sizes | |
| Semilunar valves morphology, size, comparative analysis of the valvular sizes | |
| Ventricular septal morphology | |
| Great arteries anatomy, size, and comparative analysis of the great arteries sizes | |
| Three vessels and three vessels and trachea views | |
| Aortic arch morphology | |
| Ductal arch morphology | |
| Proximal pulmonary arteries | |
| Color doppler | Superior and inferior vena cavae |
| Foramen ovale | |
| Atrioventricular valves/ventricular inflows | |
| Interventricular septum | |
| Semilunar valves/ventricular outflows | |
| Ductus venosus | |
| Pulmonary veins | |
| Great arteries | |
| Left and right pulmonary arteries | |
| Aortic and ductal arches | |
| Pulsed-wave doppler | Atrioventricular valves/ventricular inflows |
| Semilunar valves/ventricular outflows | |
| Ductus venosus | |
| Umbilical vein | |
| Umbilical artery | |
| Pulmonary veins | |
| Great arteries | |
| Ductal arch | |
| Heart rate and rhythm assessment | |
| Optional elements (classes IIa and IIb) | |
| Cardiac and general biometry | Cardiothoracic ratio |
| Atrial dimensions | |
| Ventricular dimension | |
| Atrioventricular valve diameters | |
| Semilunar valve diameters | |
| Ascending aortic and main pulmonary artery diameters | |
| Aortic and ductal arch diameters | |
| Branch pulmonary artery diameters | |
| Fetal biometry | |
| Color doppler | Umbilical vein and arteries |
| Pulsed-wave doppler | Superior and inferior vena cavae |
| Right and left pulmonary arteries | |
| Middle cerebral artery | |
| Other doppler modalities | Continuous-wave doppler |
| Tissue doppler | |
| Additional cardiac function indexes | Ventricular shortening fraction |
| Myocardial performance index | |
| Calculation of cardiac output | |