Figure 2.

The cytotoxic and anti‐inflammatory activities of C16‐KWKW in vitro. (a, b) Cytotoxicity of the designated peptides evaluated with CCK‐8 assays in HaCaT cells (a) for 48 hr or RAW264.7 cells (b) for 8 hr. (c, d) Inhibitory effects of C16‐KWKW on the secretion of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐8 in RAW264.7 cells induced with LPS or heat‐killed Propionibacterium acnes and measured by ELISA. (e, f) C16‐KWKW suppressed the secretion of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, iNOS, and COX‐2 in RAW264.7 cells induced with LPS or heat‐killed P. acnes, assessed by qPCR. (g) C16‐KWKW suppressed the expression of NF‐κB in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS or heat‐killed P. acnes, determined by luciferase reporter assay. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) was used as a positive control. n = 5. Each experiment was repeated independently five times. *P< .05, compared to control