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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 15.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2018 Dec 8;139:51–70. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.006

Fig. 10.

Fig. 10.

Swellable MN for transdermal insulin delivery. A) Schematic of a water-swellable MN for mechanical interlocking with skin and drug release through passive diffusion. B) Swelling/deswelling behavior of the MN in gel and air respectively. Scale bar: 500 μm. C) Blood glucose levels of normal mice treated with (▼) 10 U insulin-loaded swellable MN patches (swellable MN), (▲) 10U insulin-coated MN patches (coated MN), and (●) non-insulin-loaded swellable MN (vehicle control) (n = 3). Normal untreated mice (■) were used as a negative control (*P < 0.01). Adapted with permission from Ref [222].