Table 3.
12-week changes in body weight, composition, muscle and biochemical outcomes
| |
|
Paired T-Test |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable1 | N | Δ | % Change | Time |
| Whole Body Composition | ||||
| Weight (kg) | 304 | 1.6 ± 2.9 | 3.6 ± 4.7 | <0.001 |
| BMI-For-Age (%) | 304 | 2.2 ± 6.4 | 9.7 ± 27.6 | <0.001 |
| Fat Mass (kg)2 | 296 | 0.57 ± 0.93 | 3.4 ± 52.2 | <0.001 |
| Fat-Free Soft Tissue (kg)2 | 293 | 1.11 ± 0.91 | 1.3 ± 3.5 | <0.001 |
| Muscle Composition | ||||
| Forearm MCSA (cm2)3 | 296 | 0.83 ± 1.24 | 4.4 ± 11.8 | <0.001 |
| Forearm MD (mg/cm3)3 | 297 | −0.85 ± 13.75 | 1.5 ± 16.4 | NS |
| Forearm IMAT (cm2)3 | 255 | 11.24 ± 37.56 | 14.6 ± 122.5 | 0.001 |
| Calf MCSA (cm2)3 | 293 | 0.07 ± 0.25 | 1.4 ± 8.2 | 0.025 |
| Calf MD (mg/cm3)3 | 295 | 0.05 ± 0.77 | −0.3 ± 6.0 | NS |
| Calf IMAT (cm2)3 | 265 | 10.85 ± 102.70 | 3.1 ± 25.4 | NS |
| Handgrip Strength (kg) | 266 | 0.74 ± 2.06 | 1.8 ± 123.2 | <0.001 |
| Biochemical Variables | ||||
| 25(OH)D (nmol/L) | 294 | 22.37 ± 32.99 | 34.9 ± 55.9 | <0.001 |
| iPTH (pg/mL) | 294 | 0.08 ± 8.46 | 4.9 ± 32.2 | NS |
| 1,25(OH)2D (pg/mL) | 299 | 9.92 ± 17.15 | 27.0 ± 53.3 | <0.001 |
1.
Mean ± SD; Δ = Post-Baseline values; % Change = ((Post-Baseline)/Baseline)* 100; Two-Way ANOVA revealed no differences in change values due to race and sex (p-value > 0.05).
2.
Measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
3.
Measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography; MCSA, muscle cross-sectional area; MD, muscle density; IMAT, intermuscular adipose tissue
4.
NS, Non-significant (p-value > 0.05); Statistically significant if p-value ≤ 0.05 and in bold font.