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Effect of galangin on pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators mRNA expression in UA treated NRK-52E cells. NRK-52E cells were treated with UA (50 μg/ml) in the presence of galangin (5, 10, or 20 μg/ml) and untreated cells were considered as the control. Then iNOS, PTGS2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA expression was measured by RT-qPCR. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. # p <0.05, ## p <0.01 vs control; ∗ p <0.05, ∗∗ p <0.01 vs UA group.
