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Effect of galangin on NF-κB in UA treated NRK-52E cells. Galangin decreased the expression of the phosphorylated form of IκBα, IKKβ, and p65, and inhibited IκBα degradation in UA treated NRK-52E cells. Each of the protein bands was normalized to band of β-actin and reported as relative intensity. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 vs control group; ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 vs UA group.
