Lycopene titers supported by engineered E. coli strains. (A) Lycopene titers are shown at 0, 12, 26, or 48 h post induction, in the presence or absence of DMAA/ISO, using E. coli NovaBlue(DE3) harboring pAC-LYCipi and the indicated plasmid with Fs treatment. Values are the average of three replicates. Error bars are the standard deviation. (B) Substrate dependence of lycopene titers determined at 0, 12, 26, or 40 h post induction with the strain harboring pETDuet-PhoN-IPK + pAC-LYCipi with Fs treatment. Values are the average of three replicates. Error bars are the standard deviation.