Table 2.
Comparison between LCBDE, and OCBDE, and characteristics of the 4 converted cases.
| Character | LCBDE (No = 21) (Mean ± SD) Or No (%) | OCBDE (No = 60) (Mean ± SD) or No (%) | P value Univariate analysis | P value Multivariate analysis | The converted cases (No = 4) (Mean ± SD) Or No (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | >0.05 | ||||
| Males | 6(28.6%) | 20 (33.3%) | 1(25%) | ||
| Females | 15(71.4%) | 40 (66.7%) | 3(75%) | ||
| Age(years) | 34.05 ± 6.1 | 49.6 ± 9.9 | 0.000 | 0.05 | 36.3 ± 13.5 |
| Site of stones | 0.001 | >0.05 | |||
| CHD | 3(14.3%) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Mid-CBD | 15(71.4%) | 29(48.3%) | 2(50%) | ||
| Distal CBD | 3(14.3%) | 26(43.3%) | 2(50%) | ||
| Ampulla | 0 | 5(8.3%) | 0 | ||
| CBD diameter(mm) | 14 ± 4.7 | 15.4 ± 5.02 | >0.05 | 14.3 ± 5.7 | |
| Stone size | 0.1 | >0.05 | |||
| Large(1.5–2 cm) | 18(85.7%) | 43(71.7%) | 3(75%) | ||
| Very large(<2 cm) | 3(14.3%) | 17(28.3%) | 1(25%) | ||
| NO of stones | >0.05 | ||||
| Single | 19(90.5%) | 46(76.7%) | 1(25%) | ||
| Multiple | 2(9.5%) | 14(23.3%) | 3(75%) | ||
| Nature of stones | >0.05 | ||||
| Primary | 1(4.8%) | 1(1.7%) | 1(25%) | ||
| Secondary | 20(95.2%) | 59(98.3%) | 3(75%) | ||
| ASA score | >0.05 | ||||
| I | 14 (66.7%) | 40 (66.7%) | 3(75%) | ||
| II | 6 (28.6%) | 16 (26.7%) | 1(25%) | ||
| III | 1(4.8%) | 4(6.7%) | 0 | ||
| Type of operation | |||||
| LCD | 0 | 0.000 | 4(100%) | ||
| OCD | 0 | 55(91.7%) | 0.000 | 4(100%) | |
| TDS | 0 | 5(8.3%) | 0.1 | 0 | |
| IOC | 21(100%) | 60(100%) | 4(100%) | ||
| choledochoscope | 21(100%) | 38(63.3%) | 0.001 | >0.05 | 4(100%) |
| Primary repair | 9(42.9%) | 30(50%) | >0.05 | 0 | |
| T- tube | 11(52.4%) | 20(33.3%) | 0.1 | >0.05 | 3(75%) |
| HJ | 1(4.8%) | 5(8.3%) | >0.05 | 1(25%) | |
| Operative bleeding | 1(4.8%) | 2(3.3%) | >0.05 | 1(25%) | |
| Operative time(min) | 231.4 ± 49.3 | 160.7 ± 43.4 | 0.000 | 0.02 | 345 ± 13 |
| Post-operative hospital stay(days) | 5.5 ± 3 | 6.1 ± 2.1 | >0.05 | 8 ± 1.4 | |
| Postoperative | |||||
| complications | 3(14.3%) | 7(11.7%) | >0.05 | >0.05 | 1(25%) |
| Chest infection | 1(4.8%) | 5(8.3%) | >0.05 | 1(25%) | |
| Wound infection | 1(4.8%) | 2(3.3%) | >0.05 | 0 | |
| Missed stones | 1(4.8%) | 3(5%) | >0.05 | 0 | |
| Bile leak | 2(9.5%) | 0 | 0.06 | 0 | |
| Stricture | 0 | 0 | |||
| Recurrent stones | 0 | 0 | |||
| Stone clearance rate | 20 (95.2%) | 57(95%) | >0.05 | 4(100%) | |
| Mortality | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
LCBDE: Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, OCBDE: Open common bile duct exploration, CHD: Common hepatic duct, CBD: Common bile duct, ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ASA: American society of anaesthesia, LCD: Laparoscopic choledochotomy, OCD: Open choledochotomy, TDS: Transduodenal sphinectroplasty, IOC: Intra-operative cholangiogram, HJ: Hepaticojejunostomy.