Table 1.

Subscales in the Brief Negative Symptom Scale

Subscale	Item	AAA factor	EXP factor
Anhedonia	Intensity of pleasure Frequency of pleasurable activities Intensity of expected pleasure	✓ ✓ ✓
Lack of normal distress	Lack of normal distressa
Asociality	Asociality: behavior Asociality: internal experience	✓ ✓
Avolition	Avolition: behavior Avolition: internal experience	✓ ✓
Blunted affect	Facial expression Vocal expression Expressive gestures		✓ ✓ ✓
Alogia	Quantity of speech Spontaneous elaboration		✓ ✓

Notes: Data from Kirkpatrick et al.^{28 a}Lack of normal distress usually does not load strongly onto either factor.

Abbreviations: AAA, anhedonia/asociality/avolition; EXP, expressivity.