Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 3967 participants in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study in Japan
| Characteristics | Postdialysis K Range, mEq/L | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low, 2.1–2.9 | Medium-Low, 3.0–3.4 | Medium-High, 3.5–3.9 | High, 4.0–6.4 | Total, 2.1–6.4 | |
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| n (%) | 374 (9%) | 1752 (44%) | 1427 (36%) | 414 (10%) | 3967 (100%) |
| Men | 191 (51%) | 1069 (61%) | 972 (68%) | 320 (77%) | 2552 (64%) |
| Age, yr | 67±12 | 66±12 | 64±12 | 62±13 | 65±12 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 20.4±3.7 | 21.2±3.4 | 21.7±3.4 | 22.3±3.9 | 21.4±3.5 |
| Laboratory measurements | |||||
| Predialysis K level, mEq/L | 3.8±0.5 | 4.6±0.6 | 5.2±0.6 | 5.6±0.7 | 4.8±0.8 |
| Albumin level, g/dl | 3.5±0.5 | 3.7±0.4 | 3.7±0.4 | 3.8±0.4 | 3.7±0.4 |
| C-reactive protein level, mg/dl | 0.16 (0.07–0.53) | 0.10 (0.06–0.39) | 0.10 (0.05–0.35) | 0.10 (0.05–0.30) | 0.10 (0.05–0.40) |
| Dialysis-related characteristics | |||||
| Dialysis vintage, yr | 3.9 (0.4–8.2) | 4.3 (0.7–10.6) | 3.7 (0.6–9.7) | 2.6 (0.5–6.5) | 3.9 (0.6–9.7) |
| Single-pool Kt/V | 1.5±0.3 | 1.4±0.3 | 1.3±0.3 | 1.2±0.3 | 1.4±0.3 |
| Normalized protein catabolic ratio, g/kg per day | 0.9±0.2 | 0.9±0.2 | 0.9±0.2 | 0.9±0.2 | 0.9±0.2 |
| Dialysis blood flow, ml/min | 209±50 | 210±47 | 205±41 | 200±35 | 207±43 |
| Weekly dialysis duration, min | 720 (677–729) | 720 (700–730) | 720 (684–727) | 720 (684–723) | 720 (690–729) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
| Coronary artery disease | 83 (22%) | 394 (22%) | 281 (20%) | 91 (22%) | 849 (21%) |
| Chronic heart failure | 72 (19%) | 231 (13%) | 182 (13%) | 50 (12%) | 535 (13%) |
| Other heart disease | 39 (10%) | 168 (10%) | 151 (11%) | 31 (7%) | 389 (10%) |
| Cancer | 43 (11%) | 180 (10%) | 128 (9%) | 36 (9%) | 387 (10%) |
| Psychiatric disorder | 39 (10%) | 79 (5%) | 78 (5%) | 14 (3%) | 210 (5%) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 51 (14%) | 210 (12%) | 137 (10%) | 31 (7%) | 429 (11%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 169 (45%) | 659 (38%) | 621 (44%) | 216 (52%) | 1665 (42%) |
| Hypertension | 291 (78%) | 1364 (78%) | 1140 (80%) | 336 (81%) | 3131 (79%) |
| Dyslipidemia | 80 (21%) | 371 (21%) | 281 (20%) | 100 (24%) | 832 (21%) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 29 (8%) | 146 (8%) | 132 (9%) | 34 (8%) | 341 (9%) |
| Medication | |||||
| Angiotensin II receptor blocker | 29 (31%) | 559 (32%) | 447 (31%) | 124 (30%) | 1245 (31%) |
| ACE inhibitor | 14 (4%) | 71 (4%) | 61 (4%) | 25 (6%) | 171 (4%) |
| Diuretics | 96 (26%) | 396 (23%) | 287 (20%) | 106 (26%) | 885 (22%) |
The numbers and/or percentages are given for dichotomized variables. The means and SD are presented for continuous variables with a normal distribution. The medium and 25–75th percentiles are given for continuous variables without a normal distribution. Postdialysis K, postdialysis serum potassium; predialysis K, predialysis serum potassium; ACE inhibitor, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.