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. 2019 Jul 10;3:1464. Originally published 2019 May 13. [Version 2] doi: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12957.2

Figure 1. Testing cascade to screen existing insecticides for use against mosquito disease vectors, including key findings.

Figure 1.

Intrinsic insecticidal activity is measured by topical application of compound directly onto adult female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, activity through tarsal contact is measured in a bioassay with and without RME as an adjuvant, and relative potency is judged by determining the discriminating dose in CDC bottle bioassays. Activity in Phase I was defined as ≥80% mortality 24 hours after topical application, and the breakpoint denotes the concentration at which activity was first observed; ‘>1’ means that activity was not observed even when the highest concentration, 1% active ingredient, was applied. Activity in Phase II was defined as ≥80% mortality 24 hours after tarsal exposure, and the breakpoint denotes the concentration ay which activity was first observed; ‘>125’ means that activity was not observed even at the highest concentration tested, 125 mg/m 2. Compounds which were only active in tarsal contact bioassays (Phase II) in the presence and not the absence of RME are highlighted in red. Of 40 compounds from 20 IRAC MoA classes, and 7 compounds not listed or not classified by IRAC, 11 compounds are shortlisted for further investigation. The hexagon symbol denotes compounds which showed insecticidal activity during screening but which were not progressed for other reasons.