Table 4.
Bivariate relationship between different categorical variables and AMR of bacteria. E. coli, rectal swab and area‐1 were used as reference value for organisms, sample type and location, respectively, to determine the association of these categorical variables with the resistance of bacteria to different antibiotics
| Categories | Antimicrobials | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SXT | CT | AML | TE | CIP | CL | CN | ||||||||
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| (A) Organisms | ||||||||||||||
| E. coli | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||
| Salmonella spp. | 0.6 (0.0–6.6) | 0.642 | 4.8 (0.4–65.8) | 0.240 | 2.1 (0.3–15.3) | 0.448 | 0.5 (0.1–3.3) | 0.448 | 4.8 (0.3–65.8) | 0.240 | 1.0 | NA | 1.0 | NA |
| Yersinia spp. | 1.4 (0.3–8.5) | 0.659 | 14 (1.4–141.5) | 0.025* | 4.7 (0.7–30.3) | 0.102 | 1.4 (0.3–6.4) | 0.695 | 5.3 (0.5–56.2) | 0.164 | 0.1 (0.0–1.4) | 0.090 | 0.3 (0.0–1.9) | 0.197 |
| Staphylococcus spp. | 2.1 (0.4–11.5) | 0.399 | 14 (1.4–141.5) | 0.025* | 1.9 (0.4–9.6) | 0.423 | 0.7 (0.1–3.5) | 0.692 | 1.0 (0.1–17.9) | 1.000 | 0.5 (0.0–5.8) | 0.547 | 1.0 | NA |
| (B) Sample type | ||||||||||||||
| R | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||
| ON | 0.5 (0.1–2.0) | 0.302 | 1.6 (0.4–5.4) | 0.487 | 0.4 (0.1–1.4) | 0.157 | 2.2 (0.6–7.6) | 0.206 | 4.1 (0.8–20.1) | 0.083 | 0.2 (0.0–1.3) | 0.083 | 3 (0.6–15.5) | 0.190 |
| (C) Location | ||||||||||||||
| Area 1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||
| Area 2 | 1.0 (0.3–4.1) | 0.975 | 0.9 (0.3–3.4) | 0.908 | 1.9 (0.4–8.4) | 0.384 | 0.4 (0.1–1.5) | 0.184 | 0.3 (0.0–2.5) | 0.250 | 0.7 (0.1–3.3) | 0.634 | 0.3 (0.0–3.1) | 0.332 |
*, Significant P‐value; ON, oro‐nasal swab; OR, odd ratio; NA, not applicable; R, rectal swab; P, probability value; Ref, reference value.