Table 3.

Multivariable analysis of association between HAZ change and changes in weight, WAZ, WHZ and MUAC during 1-year follow-up

Change between study enrolment and month 12	Correlation coefficient†	Lost at least 0.25 HAZ*			Gained at least 0.25 HAZ*
		Adjusted RRR‡	95% CI	P values	Adjusted RRR†	95% CI	P values
Change in weight per  kg	0.55	0.46	0.39 to 0.56	<0.001	2.15	1.82 to 2.54	<0.001
Change in WAZ per z-score	0.61	0.44	0.35 to 0.55	<0.001	2.19	1.77 to 2.71	<0.001
Change in WHZ per z-score	0.15	0.80	0.69 to 0.92	0.002	1.10	0.95 to 1.27	0.19
Change in MUAC per cm	0.46	0.69	0.60 to 0.80	<0.001	1.46	1.28 to 1.68	<0.001

*Compared with children with minimal change in HAZ (±0.25Z).

†Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.

‡Adjusted for co-trimoxazole randomisation arm, child carer, born premature (<37 weeks), height-for-age at study enrolment, outpatient treatment for diarrhoea and readmission during follow-up for diarrhoea. Relative risk ratios are computed using multinomial logistic regression with minimal HAZ change (−0.25 to 0.25Z) as the reference. P values from multivariable multinomial logistic regression.

HAZ, height/length-for-age z-score; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; RRR, relative risk ratio; WAZ, weight-for-age z-score; WHZ, weight-for-height/length z-score.