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. 2019 May 30;11:4997–5012. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S205723

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© 2019 Ospina et al.

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Chronic inflammation activates multiple signaling cascades. The signaling pathway of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the signaling pathway regulated by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are some of the cellular signaling pathways involved in the response to asbestos inhalation.

Abbreviations: PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; AKT, AKT serine/threonine kinase; mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; AP-1, activator protein-1; NFκB, nuclear transcription factor kappa-B; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RNS, reactive nitrogen species; CytC, cytochrome C; Apaf-1, apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1.