Figure 2. Core signaling pathways extracted from comparing genetic and epigenetic networks (GENs) between normal lung cells and early stage LADC and LSCC.

The dot and dashed line represent the identified signaling pathways in former stage (normal stage) and later stage (early stage), respectively. Solid line indicates the common signaling pathways identified in both former stage and later stage. The yellow and blue regions are former stage (normal stage) and later stage (early stage), respectively. The lines without arrow denote the protein-protein interactions (PPIs). The lines with arrow represent the regulations of TFs and lncRNAs with activation and inhibition. The lines with circle are post-transcription regulations of miRNA with inhibition. Besides, the bold lines with arrow indicate the interaction or stimulation of proteins and xenobiotics. The Red font represent the node with significant differential expression change with a higher expression in later stage LADC and LSCC. While the blue font represent the node with a significant differential expression change with a lower expression in later stage LADC and LSCC. Besides, the gene with flag represents that this gene has basal level change between former and later stage LADC and LSCC, suggesting that the gene may be affected by DNA methylation.