Table 4. Estimates of diversification in Himalayan vs non-Himalayan lineages using Geographic State Speciation and Extinction (GeoSSE) models.

In these models, the Himalayas construed broadly or narrowly (see methods) is denoted as area B; areas outside the Himalayas are denoted as area A.

											Net diversification rate
Biogeo-graphic coding	Models	-lnL	AIC	sA	sB	sAB	dA	dB	xA	xB	Region A sA-xA	Region B sB-xB
Narrow sense	Reduced full (sA, sB, dA, dB, xA, xB)	2,673.88	5,361.76	0.50	0.16	0	0.01	0.60	0.30	1.00E–05	0.20	0.16
	Constrained 1 (sAB ∼ 0)	2,673.88	5,359.76	0.50	0.16	0	0.01	0.60	0.30	0	0.20	0.16
	Constrained 2 (sA ∼ sB, xA ∼ xB)	2,699.9	5,409.79	0.49	0.49	9.00E–06	0.02	3.15	0.42	0.42	0.07	0.07
Broad sense	Reduced full (sA, sB, dA, dB, xA, xB)	2,715.04	5,444.09	0.50	0.16	9.00E–06	0.009	0.28	0.28	2.00E-06	0.22	0.16
	Constrained 1 (sAB ∼ 0)	2,715.04	5,442.08	0.50	0.16	0	0.009	0.28	0.28	0	0.22	0.16
	Constrained 2 (sA ∼ sB, xA ∼ xB)	2,754.08	5,518.16	0.40	0.40	0	0.01	0.19	0.17	0.17	0.23	0.23

Notes.

Abbreviations

lnL

log-likelihood

AIC

Akaike Information Criterion

sA, sB

speciation rate in area A, B

sAB

speciation rate in taxa whose distribution includes both areas A and B

dA, dB

dispersal from area A to B or B to A respectively

xA, xB

extinction rate in area A, B