Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of ever smokers in NIH-AARP, CPS-II, PLCO, NLST, and NHIS 2010–12
| NIH-AARP | CPS-II | PLCO | NLST | NHIS 2010–12 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample Size | 337,388 | 72,338 | 79,015 | 53,157 | 18,282 | |
| Number of incident lung cancer |
11,590 | 2,320 | 3,109 | 2,047 | N/A | |
| Number of lung cancer deaths |
9,605 | 2,166 | 2,212 | 1,010 | N/A | |
| Factor | Category | % | % | % | % | % |
| Age | <55 | 12.9 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 23.9 |
| 55—59 | 21.8 | 7.0 | 34.2 | 42.7 | 20.3 | |
| 60—64 | 28.1 | 23.0 | 31.1 | 30.6 | 19.9 | |
| 65—69 | 33.4 | 28.9 | 22.4 | 17.8 | 15.1 | |
| 70—74 | 3.8 | 26.2 | 12.2 | 8.8 | 11.1 | |
| 75—79 | 0.0 | 11.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 8.3 | |
| ≥80 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.4 | |
| Birth year | 1900–1918 | 0.0 | 3.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 1919—1929 | 37.2 | 48.0 | 23.3 | 1.1 | 0.0 | |
| 1930—1934 | 28.1 | 27.1 | 25.6 | 10.8 | 6.1 | |
| 1935—1939 | 21.8 | 16.8 | 24.9 | 20.7 | 9.9 | |
| 1940—1948 | 12.9 | 4.2 | 26.2 | 67.4 | 27.9 | |
| 1949—1962 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 56.1 | |
| Gender | Male | 64.7 | 55.9 | 58.2 | 59.0 | 55.1 |
| Female | 35.3 | 44.1 | 41.8 | 41.0 | 44.9 | |
| Race/Ethnicity | White, non-Hispanic | 93.5 | 98.1 | 88.5 | 90.0 | 80.3 |
| African-American | 3.6 | 1.1 | 5.6 | 4.4 | 9.9 | |
| Hispanic | 1.6 | 0.4 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 7.0 | |
| Asian or other | 1.3 | 0.4 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 2.8 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | Underweight (<18.5) | 1.1 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.5 |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 32.3 | 40.6 | 30.8 | 27.8 | 24.4 | |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 44.8 | 41.4 | 44.3 | 43.1 | 21.6 | |
| Obese (≥30) | 21.8 | 16.5 | 24.2 | 28.2 | 31.4 | |
| Prior cancer | No | 90.7 | 82.5 | 95.4 | 95.7 | 84.2 |
| Yes | 9.3 | 17.5 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 15.8 | |
| Family historya | 0 | 92.3 | 95.6 | 88.8 | 84.0 | 91.6 |
| 1 | 7.5 | 4.3 | 10.2 | 14.8 | 8.1 | |
| 2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.3 | |
| Smoking status | Current | 19.5 | 10.3 | 20.2 | 51.9 | 34.2 |
| Former | 80.5 | 89.7 | 79.8 | 48.1 | 65.8 | |
| Emphysema | Yes | 4.1 | 7.9 | 4.3 | 7.7 | 6.8 |
| No | 95.9 | 92.1 | 95.7 | 92.3 | 93.2 | |
| Chronic Bronchitisb | Yes | 6.0 | 3.0 | 5.9 | 9.6 | 7.7 |
| No | 94.0 | 97.0 | 94.1 | 90.4 | 92.3 | |
| Intensityc | ≤10 | 25.3 | 35.8 | 25.5 | 0.0 | 42.7 |
| 11–20 | 32.5 | 38.0 | 36.6 | 47.5 | 39.0 | |
| 21–30 | 19.9 | 13.6 | 19.9 | 27.3 | 7.6 | |
| 31–40 | 12.6 | 8.0 | 11.0 | 18.1 | 7.4 | |
| 41–60 | 7.6 | 4.1 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 2.7 | |
| ≥61 | 2.1 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.6 | |
| Years quitd | <1 | 3.7 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 7.8 | 3.4 |
| 1—4 | 8.4 | 4.8 | 8.6 | 27.0 | 9.3 | |
| 5—9 | 14.2 | 8.4 | 11.8 | 27.2 | 9.1 | |
| ≥10 | 73.7 | 76.5 | 77.5 | 38.0 | 78.1 | |
| Age initiatede | <15 | 17.4 | 7.9 | 11.4 | 20.3 | 18.0 |
| 15—19 | 53.6 | 51.7 | 59.6 | 50.1 | 55.8 | |
| 20—24 | 22.2 | 21.9 | 21.1 | 21.5 | 17.0 | |
| 25—29 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 5.6 | 4.8 | |
| 30—39 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 3.0 | |
| 40—49 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 1.0 | |
| 50—59 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.4 | |
| 60—69 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| ≥70 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Pack-yearsf | <15 | 24.7 | 42.1 | 25.4 | 0.0 | 41.3 |
| 15—29 | 25.7 | 23.4 | 24.7 | 0.0 | 24.4 | |
| 30—49 | 24.1 | 19.7 | 25.2 | 52.2 | 21.6 | |
| 50—69 | 12.8 | 8.5 | 12.9 | 25.3 | 7.2 | |
| ≥70 | 12.6 | 6.4 | 11.8 | 22.4 | 5.5 | |
| USPSTF Eligibilityg | Yes | 33.1 | 19.5 | 38.5 | 99.4 | 21.0 |
| No | 66.9 | 80.5 | 61.5 | 0.6 | 79.0 | |
| Cohort with | <1 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 1.2 | N/A |
| follow-up (years) | 1–4.9 | 8.3 | 12.7 | 6.0 | 14.4 | N/A |
| 5–5.9 | 2.2 | 4.0 | 1.6 | 65.4 | N/A | |
| 6–8,6 | 6.5 | 9.0 | 6.6 | 19.0 | N/A | |
| 8.7–9.9 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 10.0 | 0 | N/A | |
| ≥10 | 77.2 | 67.2 | 74.8 | 0 | N/A | |
Abbreviations: NIH-AARP: NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study; CPS-II: Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Survey Cohort; PLCO: Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Screening Trial; NLST: National Lung Screening Trial; NHIS: National Health Interview Study; USPSTF: US Preventive Services Task Force.
Footnote:
Number of first degree relatives who had lung cancer.
Chronic bronchitis: in AARP, imputed from prevalence in control arm of PLCO; in NHIS, question asked as ‘told have chronic bronchitis in the past year’.
Cigarettes per day: in CPS2, NLST, and NHIS, this is an integer-continuous value; in AARP and PLCO, individuals selected a category.
Years quit: in CPS2, PLCO, NLST, and NHIS, collected as continuous; in AARP, imputed to continuous from categories.
Age at initiation: in AARP, this is collected only at follow-up questionnaire 2004–2006
Age 50–80 and smoked at least 30 pack-years.
Missing values (N and %) in the following variables were imputed in AARP: race/ethnicity (3841, 1.1%); bmi (7443, 2.2%); family history of lung cancer (154,420, 45.8%); years quit (131,855, 39.1%); age initiated smoking (169,198, 50.1%).
Missing values (N) in the following variables were reasons for exclusions from the CPS-II cohort: bmi (6,123); cigarettes per day (827); years quit (3,609); age initiated smoking (109); smoking duration (137).
Missing values (N) for age initiated smoking (533) was reason for exclusion from the NHIS 2010–2012 cohort. Family history of lung cancer and smoking intensity among former smokers in NHIS were not collected in the years 2011 and 2012. Missing values (N and %) in the following variables were imputed in NHIS: race/ethnicity (296, 1.6%); bmi (449, 2.5%); family history of lung cancer (13,212, 72.3%); cigarettes per day (8,807 48.2%); years quit (46, 0.3%).