Table 1.
Ecological and Sanitation Characteristics of Public Domains of Three Kisumu Neighborhoodsa
| observed sanitary indicators | Nya-A, N = 55 | Nya-B, N = 53 | Obu, N = 58 | total, N = 166 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ecological Factors | ||||
| landscape developed with housing, n (%) | 40 (72.7) | 39 (73.6) | 45 (77.6) | 124 (74.7) |
| landscape with open lots/fields, n (%) | 15 (27.3) | 14 (26.4) | 13 (22.4) | 42 (75.3) |
| relative humidity, % (SD) | 61.6 (3.1) | 60.1 (0.4) | 62.8 (1.1) | 61.6 (2.2) |
| altitude, m (SD) | 1147.3 (3.9) | 1145.8 (4.7) | 1162.1 (8.8) | 1152 (9.7) |
| temperature, °C (SD) | 24.4 (1.7) | 23.4 (1.1) | 22.1 (0.99) | 23.3 (1.4) |
| surface water present, n (%) | 15 (27.3) | 11 (20.8) | 14 (26.4) | 40 (24.1) |
| Potential Fecal Sources | ||||
| human/animal feces on ground, n (%) | 37 (67.3) | 36 (67.9) | 44 (75.9) | 117 (70.5) |
| human open defecation indicators, n (%) | 13 (23.6) | 19 (35.8) | 15 (25.9) | 47 (28.3) |
| domestic animals present, n (%) | 41 (75.6) | 42 (79.3) | 45 (77.6) | 128 (77.1) |
| pig | 2 (3.6) | 2 (3.8) | 2 (3.5) | 6 (3.6) |
| chicken | 22 (39.3) | 23 (43.4) | 34 (58.6) | 79 (47.3) |
| cattle | 8 (14.3) | 11 (20.8) | 12 (20.7) | 31 (18.6) |
| dog | 9 (16.1) | 13 (24.5) | 6 (10.3) | 28 (16.8) |
| sheep/goat | 5 (8.9) | 12 (22.6) | 13 (22.4) | 30 (17.9) |
| flies present, n (%) | 51 (96.2)b | 50 (94.3) | 56 (96.6) | 157 (95.7)b |
| shared or public latrine on-site, n (%) | 45 (81.8) | 44 (83) | 39 (67.2) | 130 (78.3) |
| functional | 0 (0) | 9 (17.0) | 0 (0) | 9 (5.4) |
| dilapidated | 44 (100) | 36 (67.9) | 39 (100) | 121 (72.9) |
| children under 5 present, n (%) | 24 (43.6) | 17 (32.1) | 31 (53.5) | 72 (43.4) |
a
Total of 145 single sample sites and 21 multisample (more than one soil sample) sites. Nya-A, Nyalenda A neighborhood; Nya-B, Nyalenda Bneighborhood; Obu, Obunga neighborhood.
b
Denominator = 163.