Figure 3. Relationship between delayed sleep time and depression.

Odds ratios (unadjusted and adjusted) for the relationship between delayed sleep time (sleep time after midnight) and depression are shown for all participants combined (African Americans and non-Hispanic whites; left panel) and after excluding individuals receiving antidepressants (right panel). Individuals without delayed sleep time served as the reference population (dashed horizontal line). Note that the finding of association between delayed sleep time and depression remained after such sensitivity analysis.