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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Glia. 2019 Apr 7;67(8):1449–1461. doi: 10.1002/glia.23619

Fig. 1. Selective tolerance of cytokine genes is not due to desensitization of signaling pathways in astrocytes.

Fig. 1.

(A, B) Expression of genes encoding cytokines and other IL-1β-dependent genes in naïve and preconditioned human astrocytes stimulated with IL-1β. The expression was analyzed after 2 (A) or 4 days (B). Schemes of the experimental design are shown (right panels). qPCR analysis from three independent experiments. Error bars represent s.d., * P<0.05 (two-way ANOVA, Sidak’s test). (C, D) Activation of the signaling cascades that regulate cytokine expression in naïve and preconditioned astrocytes after 2 (C) and 4 days (D). Astrocytes were stimulated for 30 min and expression was analyzed by western blotting. Representative blots of two experiments are shown. (E) Translocation of p65 to the nucleus of both naïve and preconditioned astrocytes was analyzed 30 min after IL-1β re-stimulation. Representative western blots of two independent experiments are shown.