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. 2019 Jun 10;9:8391. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44884-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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HSP70 gene expression following NLHS treatment in nauplii from CF12 and TF12 populations. Four groups of swimming nauplii from CT12 (non-selective breeding for induced thermotolerance) and TF12 (selective breeding for induced thermotolerance) were treated with NLHS (CF12 + NLHS and TF12 + NLHS) and then animals were collected after 3 and 6 h of recovery to determine the relative gene expression of HSP70 genes (HSP70, HSC70, HSC70-5, BIP, HYOU1 and HSPA4), along with the PDI gene as a control, by qRT-PCR. EF1α was used as an internal control. The error bars represent standard deviation (SD) values from three replicates. Significant differences are indicated as the by different alphabetic characters and were accepted at P < 0.05. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to investigate the relationship between selective breeding and NLHS factors. Asterisks indicate ratios that were significantly different (*Indicates P < 0.05 and **Indicates P < 0.01).