Table 1.
Overview of electric and electrochemical microfluidic devices for cell analysis.
| Cell type | Cell culture type | Electric and electrochemical principle | Modification | Target | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yeast | Single cells | Electrophoresis, amperometry | – | Reporter gene | Yasukawa et al., 2008; Ino et al., 2009 |
| Blood cell | Single cells | CE | – | Cellular component | Mellors et al., 2010 |
| HeLa | Single cells | DEP | – | Cell trapping | Thomas et al., 2009 |
| ES cell | Spheroids | DEP, amperometry | – | Alkaline phosphatase | Kanno et al., 2015c |
| B-cells | Single cells | DEP with bipolar electrodes | – | Cell attraction and repulsion | Anand et al., 2015 |
| 3T3 cell, ES cell, MSC, myeloma, HeLa | Single cells | DEP | – | Cell pairing | Sen et al., 2013b; Yoshimura et al., 2014; Wu et al., 2017 |
| MSC | Single cells | DEP | – | Isolation | Yoshioka et al., 2018 |
| MSC | Single cells | DEP | – | Cell differentiation | Yoshioka et al., 2016 |
| Lung cancer cell | Single cells | DEP, impedance | – | – | Ngoc-Viet and Jen, 2018 |
| HaCaT | Single cells | EWOD, qPCR | – | Gene analysis | Rival et al., 2014 |
| Hepatocyte | Monolayer | Amperometry | – | Dissolved oxygen | Moya et al., 2018 |
| Bovine embryo | Single embryo | Amperometry | – | Dissolved oxygen | Wu et al., 2007 |
| Human colon carcinoma cell | Spheroid | Amperometry | Enzyme | Lactate, glucose | Misun et al., 2016 |
| Heart tissue | Spheroid | Cyclic voltammetry | – | ROS | Cheah et al., 2010 |
| Leucocyte | Cells | Amperometry | Redox polymer, enzyme | H2O2 | Inoue et al., 2010 |
| Human monocytic leukemia | Cells | Amperometry | Redox polymer, enzyme | Oxygen, H2O2 | Prasad et al., 2016 |
| HepG2/C3A cell | Spheroid | Amperometry | Enzyme | Glucose, lactate | Bavli et al., 2016 |
| ES cell-derived cardiomyocyte, primary hepatocyte | Spheroid | Impedance | Antigen | Creatine kinase MB, cell secretome | Shin et al., 2016, 2017 |
| Breast cancer cell | – | Electrophoresis | – | Extracellular vesicles | Akagi et al., 2015 |
| MDCK-2, bEnd.3, C2C12 | Monolayer | TEER | – | Cell monolayer integrity | Douville et al., 2010 |
| b.End3, astrocyte, pericyte | Multi-layer | TEER | – | Blood–brain barrier | Wang et al., 2016 |
| Primary human airway epithelial cell | Monolayer | TEER | – | Epithelial barrier function | Henry et al., 2017 |
| Endothelial cell, cardiomyocyte | Monolayer | TEER | – | Vascular permeability and cardiac function | Maoz et al., 2017 |
| Primary porcine aortic endothelial cell | Monolayer | Square wave voltammetry | – | Cell monolayer permeability | Wong and Simmons, 2019 |
| Macrophage, mast cell | Cells | Impedance | – | Cell-cell interaction | Jiang et al., 2016 |
| Human cardiac spheroid | Spheroid | EIS | – | – | Schmid et al., 2016 |
| Bacterial cell | Single cells | Ionic current | – | Size | Yasaki et al., 2018 |
| Breast epithelial cell | Monolayer, spheroid | Electric cell lysis | – | mRNA | Nashimoto et al., 2007 |
| Embryonic stem cell | Spheroid | Electric cell lysis | – | mRNA | Ito et al., 2016 |
| Lymphoma, Human myeloid leukemia | Single cells | Electric cell lysis | – | mRNA | Subramanian Parimalam et al., 2018 |
| ES cell, HeLa, 3T3 | Single cells | Electrochemical syringe | – | mRNA | Nashimoto et al., 2016 |
ES cell, Embryonic stem cell; 3T3 cell, fibroblast cell line; HeLa, cervical cancer cell; HaCaT, human keratinocyte; HepG2/C3A cell, Human hepatocellular carcinoma; MDCK, Madin-Darby canine kidney cell; b.End3, brain-derived endothelial cell; C2C12, mouse myoblast cell.