Table 3.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines as potential prognosis biomarkers in respiratory diseases.
| Cytokine | Sample type | Potential Biomarker for | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL-12 | BALF | Recurrent wheezing due to hRSV infection. | (66) |
| Developed asthma later hRSV infection. | |||
| Developed asthma in infants with bronchiolitis caused hRSV infection. | (35) | ||
| IL-3 | BALF | Recurrent wheezing due to hRSV infection. | (66) |
| Developed asthma later hRSV infection. | |||
| NPA | Severe bronchiolitis by hRSV. | (100) | |
| IL-13 | Nasal aspirates | Ventilation requirement in infants hospitalized by bronchiolitis caused by hRSV. | (87) |
| Blood | Asthma diagnosis. | (100) | |
| Nasal washes | High IL-13 levels are elevated in children with hRSV LRTI. | (35) |
BALF, Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; NPA, Nasopharyngeal aspirate.