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. 2019 Jun 4;10:705. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00705

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Copyright © 2019 Su, Li, Wang and Ma.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The life cycle of peroxisome. a: Some PMPs are targeted to the ER and localized in special ER subdomains, where new preperoxisomes subsequently bud off. b: The remainder of PMPs are directly inserted into the peroxisomal membrane through a PEX3/PEX19-dependent pathway or another unknown pathway. c: PTS1 and PTS2 proteins interact with their receptor, PEX5 or PEX7, respectively. The receptor/cargo complex is then transported into the peroxisome lumen through the docking complex, composed of PEX13 and PEX14 in Arabidopsis. After unloading its cargo protein, PEX5 is mono-ubiquitinated by the PEX4/PEX22 (E2 ubiquitin conjugases) and PEX2/PEX12/PEX10 (E3 ligases) complexes. Subsequently, Pex5 is retrotranslocated to the cytosol by the PEX1/PEX6 complex for recycling. d: Mature peroxisomes elongate and divide into two new peroxisomes. e: Oxidative or obsoleted peroxisomes can be degraded by pexophagy under the action of ATGs.